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. 2014 Dec;20(12):2055-63.
doi: 10.3201/eid2012.131820.

Residual infestation and recolonization during urban Triatoma infestans Bug Control Campaign, Peru

Residual infestation and recolonization during urban Triatoma infestans Bug Control Campaign, Peru

Corentin M Barbu et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014 Dec.

Abstract

Chagas disease vector control campaigns are being conducted in Latin America, but little is known about medium-term or long-term effectiveness of these efforts, especially in urban areas. After analyzing entomologic data for 56,491 households during the treatment phase of a Triatoma infestans bug control campaign in Arequipa, Peru, during 2003-2011, we estimated that 97.1% of residual infestations are attributable to untreated households. Multivariate models for the surveillance phase of the campaign obtained during 2009-2012 confirm that nonparticipation in the initial treatment phase is a major risk factor (odds ratio [OR] 21.5, 95% CI 3.35-138). Infestation during surveillance also increased over time (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.15-2.09 per year). In addition, we observed a negative interaction between nonparticipation and time (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53-0.99), suggesting that recolonization by vectors progressively dilutes risk associated with nonparticipation. Although the treatment phase was effective, recolonization in untreated households threatens the long-term success of vector control.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Areas targeted for Chagas disease vector control in the Paucarpata District, Arequipa, Peru. Small units are city blocks and large units are localities. Dark gray indicates localities not infested; light gray indicates areas targeted; and medium gray indicates nontargeted city blocks within infested localities.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Infestation during the surveillance phase of a Chagas disease vector control program shown by history of treatment during the treatment phase for A) Jacobo Hunter District (treatment phase during 2003–2005) and B) Paucarpata District (treatment phase during 2006–2009, Arequipa, Peru. Stars indicate households infested during surveillance phase and not treated during treatment phase; black circles indicate households infested during surveillance phase but treated during the treatment phase; and light gray dots indicate other households (their alignment produces what appears as the background pattern of streets).

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