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. 2014 Aug 21;8(8):e3076.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003076. eCollection 2014 Aug.

Circulating mucosal associated invariant T cells are activated in Vibrio cholerae O1 infection and associated with lipopolysaccharide antibody responses

Affiliations

Circulating mucosal associated invariant T cells are activated in Vibrio cholerae O1 infection and associated with lipopolysaccharide antibody responses

Daniel T Leung et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells found in abundance in the intestinal mucosa, and are thought to play a role in bridging the innate-adaptive interface.

Methods: We measured MAIT cell frequencies and antibody responses in blood from patients presenting with culture-confirmed severe cholera to a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh at days 2, 7, 30, and 90 of illness.

Results: We found that MAIT (CD3+CD4-CD161hiVα7.2+) cells were maximally activated at day 7 after onset of cholera. In adult patients, MAIT frequencies did not change over time, whereas in child patients, MAITs were significantly decreased at day 7, and this decrease persisted to day 90. Fold changes in MAIT frequency correlated with increases in LPS IgA and IgG, but not LPS IgM nor antibody responses to cholera toxin B subunit.

Conclusions: In the acute phase of cholera, MAIT cells are activated, depleted from the periphery, and as part of the innate response against V. cholerae infection, are possibly involved in mechanisms underlying class switching of antibody responses to T cell-independent antigens.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. MAIT cells are activated in cholera patients, and depleted in children with cholera.
A) Gating strategy for phenotyping of MAIT cells. Geometric mean of frequencies of B) MAIT and C) CD4−CD161loVa7.2+ cells of healthy controls and patients with severe cholera, separated by adults and children, as i) proportion of CD3+ cells, and ii) activated (CD38+) cells as proportion of parent. * P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001.
Figure 2
Figure 2. CD38+CD161loVα7.2+ cells are inversely associated with age and changes in MAIT cells.
A) Spearman correlation of day 2 to day 7 fold changes in %MAIT cells with fold changes across the same days in i) CD161loVα7.2+, and ii) CD38+CD161loVα7.2+ cells. B) Spearman correlation of CD38+CD161loVα7.2+ cells with age for i) healthy controls and ii) cholera patients on day 7 after presentation.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Class-switched antibody responses against LPS are correlated with MAIT cell responses.
Antibody responses against A) LPS, and B) CtxB, of cholera patients at days 2, 7, and 30 after hospitalization, displayed as mean with standard errors. Compared with day 2, * P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001. Correlation of fold changes in %MAIT cells and fold changes in antibody response against C) LPS, and D) CtxB, of cholera patients.

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