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. 2014 Jun 24:7:288.
doi: 10.1186/1756-3305年7月28日8.

Schistosoma haematobium detection in snails by DraI PCR and Sh110/Sm-Sl PCR: further evidence of the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in Morocco

Affiliations

Schistosoma haematobium detection in snails by DraI PCR and Sh110/Sm-Sl PCR: further evidence of the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in Morocco

Fatima Amarir et al. Parasit Vectors. .

Abstract

Background: This is the first study in Morocco to estimate snail infection rates at the last historic transmission sites of schistosomiasis, known to be free from new infection among humans since 2004. Screening of large numbers of snails for infection is one way to confirm that Schistosoma haematobium transmission has stopped and does not resurge.

Methods: A total of 2703 Bulinus truncatus snails were collected from 24 snail habitats in five provinces of Morocco: Errachidia, El Kelaa des Sraghna, Tata, Beni Mellal, and Chtouka Ait Baha. All visible snails were collected with a scoop net or by hand. We used waders and gloves as simple precautions. Snails were morphologically identified according to Moroccan Health Ministry guide of schistosomiasis (1982).All snails were analyzed in pools by molecular tool, using primers from the newly identified repeated DNA sequence, termed DraI, in the S. haematobium group. To distinguish S. bovis and S. haematobium, the snails were analyzed by Sh110/Sm-Sl PCR that was specific of S. haematobium.

Results: The results showed that snails from Errachidia, Chtouka Ait Baha, sector of Agoujgal in Tata and sector of Mbarkiya in El kelaa des Sraghna were negative for DraI PCR; but, snails from remaining snail habitats of El Kelaa des Sraghna, Tata and Beni Mellal were positive. This led to suggest the presence of circulating schistosome species (S. haematobium, S. bovis or others) within these positive snail habitats. Subsequently, confirmation with S. haematobium species specific molecular assay, Sh110/Sm-Sl PCR, showed that none of the collected snails were infected by S. haematobium in all historic endemic areas.

Conclusion: The absence of S. haematobium infection in snails supports the argument of S. haematobium transmission interruption in Morocco.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Moroccan map showing selected areas in the study and principal rivers.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of DraI PCR amplified products from different collected snails. Lane 1–5: (pool of 5 snails was tested per lane; Lane 1 and 4: Positive snails; Lane 2,3,5: Negative snails, Lane + ve: Positive control; Lane ve-: Negative control, and M: size marker (base pair).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of Sh110/Sm-Sl PCR amplified products from different collected snails. Lane 1–11: pool of 5 snails was tested per lane; Lane 12: Negative control; Lane 13 and 14: DNA preparation negative control; Lane 15: Spiking control (S. haematobium DNA was added to known negative snail tissue), Lane 16: Positive control (pure S. haematobium DNA), and. M: size marker (base pair).

References

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