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Case Reports
. 2012 Mar;50(3):988-94.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.05477-11. Epub 2012 Jan 11.

New species of Madurella, causative agents of black-grain mycetoma

Affiliations
Case Reports

New species of Madurella, causative agents of black-grain mycetoma

G Sybren de Hoog et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Mar.

Abstract

A new species of nonsporulating fungus, isolated in a case of black-grain mycetoma in Sudan, is described as Madurella fahalii. The species is characterized by phenotypic and molecular criteria. Multigene phylogenies based on the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the partial β-tubulin gene (BT2), and the RNA polymerase II subunit 2 gene (RPB2) indicate that M. fahalii is closely related to Madurella mycetomatis and M. pseudomycetomatis; the latter name is validated according to the rules of botanical nomenclature. Madurella ikedae was found to be synonymous with M. mycetomatis. An isolate from Indonesia was found to be different from all known species based on multilocus analysis and is described as Madurella tropicana. Madurella is nested within the order Sordariales, with Chaetomium as its nearest neighbor. Madurella fahalii has a relatively low optimum growth temperature (30°C) and is less susceptible to the azoles than other Madurella species, with voriconazole and posaconazole MICs of 1 μg/ml, a ketoconazole MIC of 2 μg/ml, and an itraconazole MIC of >16 μg/ml. Since eumycetoma is still treated only with azoles, correct species identification is important for the optimal choice of antifungal therapy.

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Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
Mycetoma lesions on the left sole caused by Madurella fahalii.
Fig 2
Fig 2
Colony and microscopic characteristics of Madurella fahalii (CBS 129176) (A and B), Madurella tropicana (CBS 201.38) (C and D), and Madurella pseudomycetomatis (CBS 129177) (E and F). (A, C and E) Colony morphologies after 2 weeks of culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 30°C. (B, D, and F) Corresponding microscopic images at ×ばつ400 magnification. For all three species, many chlamydospores are detected. The microscopic morphologies of all three strains are similar.
Fig 3
Fig 3
Growth rates of M. fahalii, M. mycetomatis strains mm45, mm50, and mm55, M. tropicana, and M. pseudomycetomatis at different temperatures. The optimal growth temperature for M. fahalii, M. tropicana, and M. pseudomycetomatis was 30°C, while M. mycetomatis strains mm45, mm50, and mm55 showed optimal growth at 37°C.
Fig 4
Fig 4
Consensus phylogenetic trees of the order Sordariales inferred from the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (A), the beta-tubulin gene (BT2) (B) and the RNA polymerase II subunit gene (RPB2) (C). The trees were constructed in Mega, version 5.05, using maximum likelihood. Bootstrap support values were estimated based on 1,000 replicates and are shown above the branches. Pleospora herbarum was the outgroup.

References

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