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Comparative Study
. 2012 Feb;21(1):41-8.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01114.x. Epub 2011 Nov 11.

Expression of chemosensory proteins in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans is related to female host-seeking behaviour

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Free PMC article
Comparative Study

Expression of chemosensory proteins in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans is related to female host-seeking behaviour

R Liu et al. Insect Mol Biol. 2012 Feb.
Free PMC article

Abstract

Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are a class of soluble proteins present in high concentrations in the sensilla of insect antennae. It has been proposed that they play an important role in insect olfaction by mediating interactions between odorants and odorant receptors. Here we report, for the first time, the presence of five CSP genes in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans, a major vector transmitting nagana in livestock. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR showed that three of the CSPs are expressed in antennae. One of them, GmmCSP2, is transcribed at a very high level and could be involved in olfaction. We also determined expression in the antennae of both males and females at different life stages and with different blood feeding regimes. The transcription of GmmCSP2 was lower in male antennae than in females, with a sharp increase in 10-week-old flies, 48 h after a bloodmeal. Thus there is a clear relationship between CSP gene transcription and host searching behaviour. Genome annotation and phylogenetic analyses comparing G. morsitans morsitans CSPs with those of other Diptera showed rapid evolution after speciation of mosquitoes.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Alignment of chemosensory proteins (CSPs) of Glossina morsitans morsitans. The conserved four-cysteine signature of CSPs is shaded in dark grey. The hydrophobic positions in the alignment with the cut-off percentage ≥60% are shaded in light grey. The horizontal bars under the alignment represent the α-helices of Bombyx mori CSP1 (Jansen et al., 2007). The intron splice site was separated by the angle separator. The numbers below the sequences are the residue numbering. Asterisks (*) indicate positions that have a single, fully conserved residue. Colons (:) indicate conservation between groups with very similar properties – scoring >0.5 in the Gonnet PAM 250 matrix. A full stop (.) indicates conservation between groups with slightly similar properties – scoring ≤0.5 in the Gonnet PAM 250 matrix (Larkin et al., 2007). These are also indicated by the height of the dark bars in the bottom panel.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenetic tree of chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in the dipteran species Glossina morsitans morsitans (Gmm), Drosophila melanogaster (Dmel), Aedes aegypti (Aaeg), Anopheles gambiae (Agam) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Cqui). Bootstrapping supports are indicated beside the branches at 1000 simulations. Subtrees A to C show consensuses in all the five species. Subtree D shows recent duplication of some CSPs after the divergence of the Aedes and Culex groups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Transcript abundance of cDNAs encoding chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in Glossina morsitans morsitans as determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR). The mean values and standard errors of four replicates are presented relative to the internal control gene. Two qPCRs were performed for each of two RNA preparations from each tissue sample.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Transcription of chemosensory protein genes in the antennae of Glossina morsitans morsitans. The transcription levels are presented as mean fold changes relative to the internal reference with four replicates. PBM, postbloodmeal; w, week. Two quantitative reverse transcription PCRs were performed for each of two RNA preparations from each tissue sample.

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