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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2011 May;84(5):662-7.
doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0682.

Comparison of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying to control the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh

Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Comparison of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying to control the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh

Rajib Chowdhury et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 May.

Abstract

Integrated vector management is a pillar of the South Asian visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination program, but the best approach remains a matter of debate. Sand fly seasonality was determined in 40 houses sampled monthly. The impact of interventions on Phlebotomus argentipes density was tested from 2006-2007 in a cluster-randomized trial with four arms: indoor residual spraying (IRS), insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), environmental management (EVM), and no intervention. Phlebotomus argentipes density peaked in March with the highest proportion of gravid females in May. The EVM (mud plastering of wall and floor cracks) showed no impact. The IRS and ITNs were associated with a 70-80% decrease in male and female P. argentipes density up to 5 months post intervention. Vector density rebounded by 11 months post-IRS, whereas ITN-treated households continued to show significantly lower density compared with households without intervention. Our data suggest that both IRS and ITNs may help to improve VL control in Bangladesh.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
(A) Sand fly density per household trap night by month from September 2002 to August 2003. (B) Mean minimum and maximum temperature, humidity, and rainfall by month in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, from September 2002 to August 2003.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Mean household density of (A) female and (B) male Phlebotomus argentipes in each study arm before the intervention (October 2006) and at four points in time post intervention (January, March, April, and October 2007). IRS = indoor residual spraying; ITN = insecticide-treated net; EVM = environmental management; CON = control arm.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Proportion of female Phlebotomus argentipes found to be gravid in collections from each study arm before the intervention (October 2006) and at four points in time post intervention (January, March, April, and October 2007). IRS = indoor residual spraying; ITN = insecticide-treated net; EVM = environmental management; CON = control arm.

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