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Case Reports
. 2009 Mar;68(2):27-9.

Hansen's disease with HIV: a case of immune reconstitution disease

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Case Reports

Hansen's disease with HIV: a case of immune reconstitution disease

Dominic Chow et al. Hawaii Med J. 2009 Mar.

Abstract

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an acute symptomatic expression of a latent infection during the recovery of the immune system usually as a response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Opportunistic infections can trigger IRIS. Hansen's disease is an infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae). There have been a limited number of case reports reporting the presentation of the co-infection of HIV and M. leprae. We report an unique case of IRIS in a patient co-infected with HIV and M. leprae presenting as an exacerbation of his Hansen's Disease where the patient's skin lesions progressed from borderline tuberculoid to lepromatous leprosy following ART administration.

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Figures

Figure
Figure
Skin lesions noted on patient who is dually infected with HIV and Hansen’s Disease. a) Multiple hypopigmented to erythematous macules with diminished sensation b) Papular and nodular lesions of left forearm c) Initial skin biopsy (2000) showing epithelioid granulomas of lymphocytes and nonspecific chronic inflammation consistent with tuberculoid leprosy d) Skin biopsy (2007) from left forearm showing vacuolated macrophages (foam cells) with predominantly superficial perivascular distribution and numerous well-preserved acid fast bacilli in clumps consistent with lepromatous leprosy.

References

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