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. 2006 Mar;12(3):440-6.
doi: 10.3201/eid1203.050811.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis, United States and Canada, 2000-2003

Affiliations

Canine visceral leishmaniasis, United States and Canada, 2000-2003

Zandra H Duprey et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Mar.

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis, caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania donovani complex, is a vectorborne zoonotic infection that infects humans, dogs, and other mammals. In 2000, this infection was implicated as causing high rates of illness and death among foxhounds in a kennel in New York. A serosurvey of >12,000 foxhounds and other canids and 185 persons in 35 states and 4 Canadian provinces was performed to determine geographic extent, prevalence, host range, and modes of transmission within foxhounds, other dogs, and wild canids and to assess possible infections in humans. Foxhounds infected with Leishmania spp. were found in 18 states and 2 Canadian provinces. No evidence of infection was found in humans. The infection in North America appears to be widespread in foxhounds and limited to dog-to-dog mechanisms of transmission; however, if the organism becomes adapted for vector transmission by indigenous phlebotomines, the probability of human exposure will be greatly increased.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of hunt clubs with confirmed cases of visceral leishmaniasis, United States and Canada. States in which hunt clubs or kennels had>1 dog infected with Leishmania infantum are shaded. Leishmania-positive foxhounds were also found in Nova Scotia and Ontario.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of hunt clubs with Trypanosoma cruzi–positive hounds, United States and Canada. States in which hunt clubs or kennels had >1 dog infected with T. cruzi are shaded. A T. cruzi–positive hunt club was also found in Ontario.

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