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. 2005 Jul;43(7):3398-401.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3398-3401.2005.

Molecular diversity of Bacillus anthracis in Italy

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Molecular diversity of Bacillus anthracis in Italy

Antonio Fasanella et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Jul.

Abstract

We used multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to type 64 Bacillus anthracis isolates from outbreaks that have occurred during the past 40 years in Italy. MLVA of the 64 isolates revealed 10 unique genotypes; 9 of these genotypes and the majority of isolates (63/64) belonged to the previously described genetic cluster A1.a. Within the A1.a isolates, two previously described genotypes (G1 and G3), which differ by a single mutation in the pX01 locus, account for the majority of isolates in the country (53/63). The low diversity of B. anthracis genotypes in Italy suggests a single, dominant historical introduction, followed by limited localized differentiation.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Genetic and geographic relationships among Italian B. anthracis isolates. (A) Mutational-step model for isolate genetic relationships. Shown is a network of genotypes with the minimum mutational changes needed to convert one genotype into another. Note that genotype designations are consistent with those in Table 1. The GI designation is given first, and GK designation is given in parentheses following GI if an equivalent genotype was described by Keim et al. in 2000 (8). Connecting lines are labeled with the genetic locus and the number of repeat units that differ between individual genotypes. (B) Geographic distribution of B. anthracis isolates. Genotype distribution and frequency are indicated by colors corresponding to designations in panel A. Pie chart sizes are scaled categorically according to the number of isolates (in three categories: 1 to 5, 6 to 10, and >10 isolates). Note that the two isolates with missing data (plasmid markers) were not included in either panel.

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