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Comparative Study
. 2000 Apr;68(4):1905-11.
doi: 10.1128/IAI.68.4.1905-1911.2000.

Immunity to onchocerciasis: cells from putatively immune individuals produce enhanced levels of interleukin-5, gamma interferon, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in response to Onchocerca volvulus larval and male worm antigens

Affiliations
Comparative Study

Immunity to onchocerciasis: cells from putatively immune individuals produce enhanced levels of interleukin-5, gamma interferon, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in response to Onchocerca volvulus larval and male worm antigens

P S Turaga et al. Infect Immun. 2000 Apr.

Abstract

Antigen-specific interleukin-5 (IL-5), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) responses in individuals living in an area of hyperendemicity for onchocerciasis in Cameroon were examined. The responses against antigens prepared from Onchocerca volvulus third-stage larvae (L3), molting L3 (mL3), and crude extract from adult males (M-OvAg) were compared to the responses against antigens from adult female worms and skin microfilariae. Cytokine responses for the putatively immune individuals (PI) and the infected individuals (INF) were compared. A differential cytokine profile of IL-5 (Th2 phenotype) and IFN-gamma (Th1 phenotype) was found in these individuals in response to the antigens. In both the PI and the INF, Th2 responses against all the antigens tested were dominant. However, in the PI group as a whole, there was an enhanced Th2 response against the larval antigens and the adult male and adult female antigens, and a Th1 response in a subgroup of the PI (27 to 54.5%) against L3, mL3, and M-OvAg antigens was present. While the PI produced significantly higher levels of GM-CSF against L3, mL3, and M-OvAg antigens than the INF, there was no difference in the GM-CSF responses of the groups against the other antigens. The present study indicated that, in comparison to the INF, the PI have distinct larva-specific and adult male-specific cytokine responses, thus supporting the premise that immunological studies of the PI would lead to the identification of immune mechanisms and the target genes that play a role in protective immunity.

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
Cytokine responses to L3 antigens in PI and INF. Values for IL-5 (PI, n = 12; INF, n = 24), IFN-γ (PI, n = 11; INF, n = 24), and GM-CSF (PI, n = 12; INF, n = 9) levels are depicted. The statistical significance between the groups is indicated by the P value. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the significance by comparing the medians, which are indicated by horizontal lines.
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
Cytokine responses to mL3 antigens in PI and INF. Values for IL-5 (PI, n = 12; INF, n = 23), IFN-γ (PI, n = 11; INF, n = 23), and GM-CSF (PI, n = 12; INF, n = 9) levels are depicted. The statistical significance between the groups is indicated by the P value. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the significance by comparing the medians, which are indicated by horizontal lines.
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
Cytokine responses to M-OvAg antigens in PI and INF. Values for IL-5 (PI, n = 7; INF, n = 20), IFN-γ (PI, n = 7; INF, n = 20), and GM-CSF (PI, n = 6; INF, n = 5) levels are depicted. The statistical significance between the groups is indicated by the P value. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the significance by comparing the medians, which are indicated by horizontal lines.
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
Cytokine responses to F-OvAg antigens in PI and INF. Values for IL-5 (PI, n = 12; INF, n = 26), IFN-γ (PI, n = 11; INF, n = 26), and GM-CSF (PI, n = 12; INF, n = 10) levels are depicted. The statistical significance between the groups is indicated by the P value. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the significance by comparing the medians, which are indicated by horizontal lines.
FIG. 5
FIG. 5
Cytokine responses to Smf antigens in PI and INF. Values for IL-5 (PI, n = 12; INF, n = 26), IFN-γ (PI, n = 11; INF, n = 26), and GM-CSF (PI, n = 11; INF, n = 10) levels are depicted. The statistical significance between the groups is indicated by the P value. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the significance by comparing the medians, which are indicated by horizontal lines.

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