Emacs Timeline.
by Jamie Zawinski
<jwz@jwz.org>
written: 8-Mar-1999
updated: 29-Oct-2007
Someone prodded me into drawing up a timeline of the Emacs family tree. Let me know if you have any additions/corrections.
This isn't intended to be a complete list of everything that has ever called itself Emacs -- as Craig Finseth's periodic posting of emacs implementations shows, that would be much larger than this.
However, I think this is fairly accurate for the
GNU/ For more detail about the early days, please see Bernie Greenberg's paper,
Multics Emacs:
The History, Design and Implementation.
I've drawn lines only where code is shared, not merely ideas.
1976 TECMAC and TMACS
a pair of "TECO-macro realtime editors."
by Guy Steele, Dave Moon, Richard Greenblatt,
Charles Frankston, et al.
|
|
1976 EMACS
by Richard Stallman, Guy Steele, EINE (EINE Is Not EMACS)
and Dave Moon. by Dan Weinreb.
Merger of TECMAC and TMACS, plus for MIT Lisp Machine.
a dynamic loader and Meta-key cmds. First Emacs written in Lisp.
Ran on ITS and TWENEX (Tops-20) |
written in TECO and PDP 10 assembly. |
|
|
1978 Multics Emacs ZWEI (ZWEI Was EINE Initially)
by Bernie Greenberg. by Dan Weinreb and Mike McMahon.
written in MacLisp; |
also used Lisp as its |
extension language. |
1980 ZMACS (direct descendant of ZWEI)
on Symbolics LM-2, LMI LispM,
and later, TI Explorer (1983-1989)
1981 Gosling Emacs :
by James Gosling :
written in C; with "Mocklisp"
as its extension language.
/ |
1983 / |
/ Unipress Emacs (6-may-83)
/ 395ドル commercial product.
1984 / Hemlock
/ by Bill Chiles,
/ Rob MacLachlan, et al.
1985 GNU Emacs 13.0? (20-mar-85) written in Spice Lisp
by Richard Stallman. (CMU Common Lisp)
initial public release? :
| :
GNU Emacs 15.10 (11-apr-85) :
|
GNU Emacs 15.34 (07-may-85)
|
GNU Emacs 16.56 (15-jul-85)
(Gosling code expunged
for copyright reasons)
|
|
GNU Emacs 16.60 (19-sep-85)
(contained first patches from
the net, including preliminary
SYSV support)
|
|
GNU Emacs 17.36 (20-dec-85)
(included TeX manual; first
version that worked on SYSV
out of the box)
|
|
1986 GNU Emacs 18.24 beta (02-oct-86)
|
1987 GNU Emacs 18.41 (22-mar-87)
|
GNU Emacs 18.45 (02-jun-87)
|
GNU Emacs 18.49 (18-sep-87)
| \
| \________________________________________________
| \
| \
| Early work on Epoch begins (1987)
| by Alan M. Carroll
1988 GNU Emacs 18.50 (13-feb-88) |
| |
GNU Emacs 18.51 (07-may-88) |
| |
GNU Emacs 18.52 (01-sep-88) |
| Epoch 1.0 (14-dec-88)
| by Alan M. Carroll with Simon Kaplan
1989 GNU Emacs 18.53 (24-feb-89) |
| \ |
| \________________________________________________ | _____
| | \
GNU Emacs 18.54 (26-apr-89) | \
| | \
GNU Emacs 18.55 (23-aug-89) | \
| | | \
| | | NEmacs 3.2.1 (15-dec-89)
| | | "Nihongo Emacs": a fork
| | | with multi-byte Japanese
| | | language support.
| | | |
| | Epoch 2.0 (23-dec-89) |
| | | |
| | | |
1990 | | Epoch 3.1 (06-feb-90) |
| | | |
| \ | NEmacs 3.3.1 (3-mar-90)
| \ | |
| \ Epoch 3.2 (11-dec-90) |
| \ last Carroll release. |
| \____ (sporadic work on | |
| GNU Emacs 19 begins) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | Epoch 4.0 (27-aug-90) |
| | Now maintained by NCSA. |
| | | |
1991 GNU Emacs 18.57 (??-jan-91) | | |
| | | |
GNU Emacs 18.58 (??-???-91) | | |
| | | |
1992 | |___ | MULE 0.9.0b (4-mar-92)
| | \ | "Multilingual
| | \ | Enhancements to Emacs":
| | \ | support for input methods
| | \ | and various languages
| | Lucid Emacs 19.0 (??-apr-92) | including Japanese,
| | by Jamie Zawinski et al. | Chinese, Korean, Greek,
| | | | Hebrew, and Cyrillic.
| | Lucid Emacs 19.1 (04-jun-92) | |
| | | | |
| | Lucid Emacs 19.2 (19-jun-92) | |
| | | | |
| | Lucid Emacs 19.3 (09-sep-92) | |
GNU Emacs 18.59 (31-oct-92) | | | |
| | | | |
1993 | / Lucid Emacs 19.4 (21-jan-93) | |
| / | | |
| / Lucid Emacs 19.5 (05-feb-93) | |
| / (trade-show giveaway CD only) | |
| / | | |
| ____________/ Lucid Emacs 19.6 (09-apr-93) | |
| / | | |
| / | | |
GNU Emacs 19.7 beta (22-may-93) | /| |
first public v19 beta | / | |
| | / | ...___ |
GNU Emacs 19.8 beta (27-may-93) | / | \ |
| \ | / | \ |
| \________________ | ___________________/ | MULE 1.0 (1-aug-93)
| \ | / | (based on GNU Emacs 18.59)
| Lucid Emacs 19.8 (06-sep-93) | |
| (Epoch merger, preliminary | |
| I18N support) | |
| | | |
GNU Emacs 19.22 beta (28-nov-93) | | |
| | | |
1994 | Lucid Emacs 19.9 (12-may-94) / |
| (scrollbars, Athena) / |
| | / |
GNU Emacs 19.23 beta (17-may-94) | / |
| \ | / |
| \____________ | ___________________/ |
| \ | / |
| Lucid Emacs 19.10 (27-may-94) |
| last JWZ release. |
| | |
GNU Emacs 19.24 beta (16-may-94) | |
| | ...___ |
| | \ |
| | \ |
| | MULE 2.0 (6-aug-94)
| | (based on GNU Emacs 19.25)
| | |
| XEmacs 19.11 (13-sep-94) |
| Lucid Emacs -> XEmacs renaming. |
| now maintained by Chuck Thompson |
| and Ben Wing. |
| | |
GNU Emacs 19.27 beta (14-sep-94) | |
| | |
GNU Emacs 19.28 (01-nov-94) | |
first official v19 release. | ...___ |
| | \ |
| | \ |
| | MULE 2.2 (28-dec-94)
| | (based on GNU Emacs 19.28)
| | |
| | |
1995 | | MULE 2.3 (24-jul-95)
| | .
| XEmacs 19.12 (23-jun-95) .
| (tty support) \ .
GNU Emacs 19.29 (21-jun-95) | \ .
| | (work on 20.x begins) .
GNU Emacs 19.30 (24-nov-95) | : .
| \ | : .
| \_____________ | .
| \ | .
| XEmacs 19.13 (01-sep-95) .
1996 GNU Emacs 19.31 (25-may-96) | .
| XEmacs 19.14 (23-jun-96) .
GNU Emacs 19.34 (21-aug-96) | \ .
1997 | XEmacs 20.0 (09-feb-97) \ .
| now maintained by \ .
| Steve Baur. | .
| | XEmacs 19.15 (26-mar-97) .
| | | .
| XEmacs 20.1 (15-apr-97) | .
| | | .
| XEmacs 20.2 (16-may-97) | .
GNU Emacs 20.1 (17-sep-97) | | .
| | | .
GNU Emacs 20.2 (20-sep-97) | | .
| | XEmacs 19.16 (31-oct-97) .
| | .
| XEmacs 20.3 (21-nov-97) .
| | /
| | ________________________________/
| | /
| | /
1998 | XEmacs 20.4 (28-feb-98)
| first reasonably stable
| release with MULE support.
| XEmacs "core" and "packages"
| now packaged separately.
| |
| |
| XEmacs 21.0-pre5 (18-jul-98)
| Numbering scheme goes wonky due to
| switch to stable + unstable branches.
GNU Emacs 20.3 (19-aug-98) |
| |
| XEmacs 21.0.60 (10-dec-98)
| / \___________________
| / \
1999 | / XEmacs 21.2.9 (03-feb-99)
| / (trunk / unstable branch)
| / |
| XEmacs 21.1.3 (26-jun-99) |
| (stable / maintenance branch) |
| maintained by Vin Shelton. |
| | |
GNU Emacs 20.4 (12-jul-99) | |
| | |
2000 | | XEmacs 21.2.27 (18-jan-00)
| | |
| XEmacs 21.1.9 (13-feb-00) |
| | |
GNU Emacs 21.1 (20-oct-01) | XEmacs 21.2.36 (04-oct-00)
| | |
2001 | XEmacs 21.1.14 (27-jan-01) |
| (branch retired) |
| XEmacs 21.2.40 (08-jan-01)
| ____________________/ |
| / |
| / XEmacs 21.5.0 (18-apr-01)
| / (trunk / unstable branch)
| / |
| XEmacs 21.4.0 (16-apr-01) |
| (stable / maintenance branch) |
| Maintained by Stephen Turnbull. |
| Shipped by Red Hat, Debian, |
| Mandrake, etc. |
| | |
2002 GNU Emacs 21.2 (16-mar-02) | XEmacs 21.5.6 (05-apr-02)
| | |
| XEmacs 21.4.7 (04-may-02) |
| | |
2003 | XEmacs 21.4.12 (15-jan-03) |
| first "stable" 21.4 |
| | |
GNU Emacs 21.3 (19-mar-03) | |
| | |
| XEmacs 21.4.13 (25-may-03) |
| maintained by Vin Shelton. |
| | |
| | XEmacs 21.5.14 (01-jun-03)
| | |
| XEmacs 21.4.14 (05-sep-03) |
| | |
| | XEmacs 21.5.16 (26-sep-03)
2004 | | |
| XEmacs 21.4.15 (03-feb-04) |
| | |
| | XEmacs 21.5.18 (22-oct-04)
| | |
| XEmacs 21.4.17 (06-feb-05) |
2005 | | |
GNU Emacs 21.4a (17-feb-05) | XEmacs 21.5.19 (18-feb-05)
| | |
| | XEmacs 21.5.23 (26-oct-05)
| | |
| XEmacs 21.4.18 (03-dec-05) |
| | |
| | XEmacs 21.5.24 (19-dec-05)
| | |
2006 | XEmacs 21.4.19 (28-jan-06) |
| | |
| | XEmacs 21.5.28 (21-may-06)
| |
| XEmacs 21.4.20 (09-dec-06)
| |
GNU Emacs 22.1 (02-jun-07) |
|
2007 XEmacs 21.4.21 (14-oct-07)