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<title>Amazon's Software Is Malware
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
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<h2>Amazon's Software Is Malware</h2>
(削除) <p><a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">Other examples of proprietary malware</a></p> (削除ここまで)
<div (削除) class="highlight-para">
<p>
Malware and nonfree (削除ここまで) (追記) class="infobox">
<hr class="full-width" />
<p>Nonfree (proprietary) (追記ここまで) software (削除) are two different issues. Malware means
the program (削除ここまで) is (削除) designed (削除ここまで) (追記) very often malware (designed (追記ここまで) to
mistreat (削除) or harm users when it runs. The
difference between <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
software</a> and nonfree (削除ここまで) (追記) the user). Nonfree (追記ここまで) software is (追記) controlled by its developers,
which puts them (追記ここまで) in
(削除) <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
whether the users have control of the program or vice versa</a>. It's
not directly (削除ここまで) a (削除) question (削除ここまで) (追記) position (追記ここまで) of (削除) what (削除ここまで) (追記) power over (追記ここまで) the (削除) program <em>does</em> when it
runs. However, in practice nonfree software (削除ここまで) (追記) users; <a
href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">that (追記ここまで) is (削除) often malware, because (削除ここまで) the (削除) developer's awareness (削除ここまで)
(追記) basic injustice</a>. The developers and manufacturers often exercise (追記ここまで)
that (追記) power to the detriment of (追記ここまで) the users (削除) would be powerless (削除ここまで) (追記) they ought (追記ここまで) to (削除) fix any (削除ここまで) (追記) serve.</p>
<p>This typically takes the form of (追記ここまで) malicious (削除) functionalities tempts (削除ここまで) (追記) functionalities.</p>
<hr class="full-width" />
</div>
<div class="article">
<div class="important">
<p>If you know of an example that ought to be in this page but isn't
here, please write
to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>
to inform us. Please include (追記ここまで) the (削除) developer (削除ここまで) (追記) URL of a trustworthy reference or two (追記ここまで)
to (削除) impose some.
</p> (削除ここまで) (追記) serve as specific substantiation.</p> (追記ここまで)
</div>
<div (削除) class="toc c">
<h3>Type of product:</h3> (削除ここまで) (追記) id="TOC" class="toc-inline"> (追記ここまで)
<ul>
(削除) <li><a href="#swindle">Kindle Swindle</a></li>
<li><a href="#echo">Echo</a></li> (削除ここまで)
(追記) <li> <a href="#swindle">Kindle Swindle</a> </li>
<li> <a href="#echo">Echo</a> </li>
<li> <a href="#misc">Other products</a> </li> (追記ここまで)
</ul>
</div>
(削除) <h2 id="swindle">Malware in the Kindle Swindle</h2> (削除ここまで)
(追記) <div class="big-section">
<h3 id="swindle">Kindle Swindle</h3>
</div>
<div style="clear: left;"></div> (追記ここまで)
<p>We refer to this product as the
<a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">Amazon Swindle</a>
because it has <a href="/proprietary/proprietary-drm.html">Digital restrictions
management (DRM)</a> and <a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">
other malicious functionalities</a>.</p>
(削除) <div class="summary" style="margin-top: 1em">
<h3>Type of malware</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="#back-doors">Back doors</a></li>
<!--<li><a href="#censorship">Censorship</a></li>-->
<!--<li><a href="#insecurity">Insecurity</a></li>-->
<!--<li><a href="#sabotage">Sabotage</a></li>-->
<!--<li><a href="#interference">Interference</a></li>-->
<li><a href="#surveillance">Surveillance</a></li>
<li><a href="#drm">Digital restrictions
management</a> or “DRM” means functionalities designed
to restrict what users can do with (削除ここまで)
(追記) <h4 id="back-doors">Back Doors</h4>
<ul class="blurbs">
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201503210">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2015-03</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>Amazon <a
href="https://www.techdirt.com/2015/03/24/while-bricking-jailbroken-fire-tvs-last-year-amazon-did-same-to-kindle-devices/">
downgraded (追記ここまで) the (削除) data (削除ここまで) (追記) software (追記ここまで) in (削除) their computers.</li>
<!--<li><a href="#jails">Jails</a>—systems
that impose censorship on application programs.</li>-->
<!--<li><a href="#tyrants">Tyrants</a>—systems (削除ここまで) (追記) users' Swindles</a> so (追記ここまで) that (削除) reject any operating system (削除ここまで) (追記) those already
rooted would cease to function at all.</p>
</li>
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do (追記ここまで) not (削除) “authorized” by the
manufacturer.</li>-->
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="back-doors">Amazon Kindle Swindle Back Doors</h3>
<ul>
<li> (削除ここまで) (追記) edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201210220.1">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2012-10</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" --> (追記ここまで)
<p>The Amazon Kindle-Swindle has a back door that has been used to <a (削除) href="http://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/17/some-e-books-are-more-equal-than-others/"> (削除ここまで)
(追記) href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319193415/https://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/17/some-e-books-are-more-equal-than-others/"> (追記ここまで)
remotely erase books</a>. One of the books erased was (削除) 1984, (削除ここまで)
(追記) <cite>1984</cite>, (追記ここまで) by George (削除) Orwell.
</p> (削除ここまで) (追記) Orwell.</p> (追記ここまで)
<p>Amazon responded to criticism by saying it
would delete books only following orders from the
state. However, that policy didn't last. In 2012 it <a (削除) href="http://boingboing.net/2012/10/22/kindle-user-claims-amazon-dele.html">wiped (削除ここまで)
(追記) href="https://boingboing.net/2012/10/22/kindle-user-claims-amazon-dele.html">
wiped (追記ここまで) a user's Kindle-Swindle and deleted her account</a>, then
offered her kafkaesque “explanations.”</p>
</li>
(削除) <li> (削除ここまで)
(追記) <!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201207150">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2012-07</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" --> (追記ここまで)
<p>The Kindle also has a <a (削除) href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=200774090"> (削除ここまで)
(追記) href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715070050/http://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html/?nodeId=200774090"> (追記ここまで)
universal back door</a>.</p>
(削除) <p>Amazon (削除ここまで)
(追記) </li>
</ul>
<h4 id="surveillance">Surveillance</h4>
<ul class="blurbs">
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M202001290">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2020-01</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>The Amazon Ring app does (追記ここまで) <a (削除) href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150321/13350230396/while-bricking-jailbroken-fire-tvs-last-year-amazon-did-same-to-kindle-devices.shtml">
downgraded the software (削除ここまで)
(追記) href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jan/29/ring-smart-doorbell-company-surveillance-eff-report">
surveillance for other companies as well as for Amazon</a>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit (追記ここまで) in (削除) users' Swindles</a> (削除ここまで) (追記) malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201902270">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2019-02</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>The Ring doorbell camera is designed (追記ここまで) so that (削除) those already rooted would cease (削除ここまで) (追記) the
manufacturer (now Amazon) can watch all the time. Now it turns out
that <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918024432/https://dojo.bullguard.com/dojo-by-bullguard/blog/ring/">
anyone else can also watch, and fake videos too</a>.</p>
<p>The third party vulnerability is presumably
unintentional and Amazon will probably fix it. However, we
do not expect Amazon (追記ここまで) to (削除) function (削除ここまで) (追記) change the design that <a
href="/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html#M201901100">allows
Amazon to watch</a>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201901100">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2019-01</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>Amazon Ring “security” devices <a
href="https://www.engadget.com/2019-01-10-ring-gave-employees-access-customer-video-feeds.html">
send the video they capture to Amazon servers</a>, which save it
long-term.</p>
<p>In many cases, the video shows everyone that comes near, or merely
passes by, the user's front door.</p>
<p>The article focuses on how Ring used to let individual employees look (追記ここまで)
at (削除) all.</p></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="surveillance">Amazon Kindle Swindle Surveillance</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>The (削除ここまで) (追記) the videos freely. It appears Amazon has tried to prevent that
secondary abuse, but the primary abuse—that Amazon gets the
video—Amazon expects society to surrender to.</p>
</li>
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201411090">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2014-11</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>The Amazon “Smart” TV is <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/nov/09/amazon-echo-smart-tv-watching-listening-surveillance">
snooping all the time</a>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201212030.1">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2012-12</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>The (追記ここまで) Electronic Frontier Foundation has examined and found <a
href="https://www.eff.org/pages/reader-privacy-chart-2012">various
kinds of surveillance in the Swindle and other (削除) e-readers</a>.</p></li> (削除ここまで) (追記) e-readers</a>.</p>
</li> (追記ここまで)
</ul>
(削除) <h3 id="drm">Amazon Kindle Swindle DRM</h3>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="http://techin.oureverydaylife.com/kindle-drm-17841.html"> (削除ここまで)
(追記) <h4 id="drm">DRM</h4>
<ul class="blurbs">
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M202103100">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2021-03</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>Amazon's monopoly and DRM is <a
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/03/10/amazon-library-ebook-monopoly/">stopping
public libraries from lending e-books and
audiobooks</a>. Amazon became powerful in e-book world by <a
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">Swindle</a>,
and is now misusing its power and violates people's rights using
<a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org">Digital Restrictions
Management</a>.</p>
<p>The article is written in a way that endorses DRM in general, which
is unacceptable. <a href="/proprietary/proprietary-drm.html">DRM is
an injustice to people</a>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201704130.1">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2017-04</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p><a href="https://itstillworks.com/kindle-drm-17841.html"> (追記ここまで)
The Amazon Kindle has DRM</a>. That article is flawed in that it
fails to treat DRM as an ethical question; it takes for granted that
whatever Amazon might do to its users is legitimate. It refers to
DRM as digital “rights” management, which is the spin
term used to promote DRM. Nonetheless it serves as a reference for
the
(削除) facts.</p></li> (削除ここまで) (追記) facts.</p>
</li> (追記ここまで)
</ul>
(削除) <h2 id="echo">Malware (削除ここまで)
(追記) <div class="big-section">
<h3 id="echo">Echo</h3>
</div>
<div style="clear: left;"></div>
<h4 id="echo-back-doors">Back Doors</h4>
<ul class="blurbs">
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit (追記ここまで) in (削除) the Echo</h2>
<h3>Amazon Echo Back Doors</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>The (削除ここまで) (追記) malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201606060">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2016-06</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>The (追記ここまで) Amazon Echo appears to have a universal back door, since <a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Echo#Software_updates">
it installs “updates” automatically</a>.</p>
<p>We have found nothing explicitly documenting the lack of any way
to disable remote changes to the software, so we are not completely
sure there isn't one, but (削除) it (削除ここまで) (追記) this (追記ここまで) seems pretty clear.</p>
</li>
</ul>
(削除) </div><!-- (削除ここまで)
(追記) <h4 id="echo-surveillance">Surveillance</h4>
<ul class="blurbs">
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M202503150">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2025-03</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>Amazon arbitrarily decided to <a
href="https://pluralistic.net/2025/03/15/altering-the-deal/#telescreen">
make all Echo devices send all the audio they hear to Amazon
servers</a>, even if the “owner” of the device specified
local processing.</p>
<p>The server will figure out what (if anything) someone asked it
to do.</p>
<p>What else will it do with that recording? There are no limits
except management's will. It might save some of the utterances it
hears, and present them years later to the political police.</p>
</li>
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201905061">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2019-05</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>Amazon Alexa collects a lot more information from users
than is necessary (追記ここまで) for (削除) id="content", starts (削除ここまで) (追記) correct functioning (time, location,
recordings made without a legitimate prompt), and sends
it to Amazon's servers, which store it indefinitely. Even
worse, Amazon forwards it to third-party companies. Thus,
even if users request deletion of their data from Amazon's servers, <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507014804/https://www.ctpost.com/business/article/Alexa-has-been-eavesdropping-on-you-this-whole-13822095.php">
the data remain on other servers</a>, where they can be accessed by
advertising companies and government agencies. In other words,
deleting the collected information doesn't cancel the wrong of
collecting it.</p>
<p>Data collected by devices such as the Nest thermostat, the Philips
Hue-connected lights, the Chamberlain MyQ garage opener and the Sonos
speakers are likewise stored longer than necessary on the servers
the devices are tethered to. Moreover, they are made available to
Alexa. As a result, Amazon has a very precise picture of users' life
at home, not only (追記ここまで) in the (削除) include above (削除ここまで) (追記) present, but in the past (and, who knows,
in the future too?)</p>
</li>
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201904240">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2019-04</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>Some of users' commands to the Alexa service are <a
href="https://www.smh.com.au/technology/alexa-is-someone-else-listening-to-us-sometimes-someone-is-20190411-p51d4g.html">
recorded for Amazon employees to listen to</a>. The Google and Apple
voice assistants do similar things.</p>
<p>A fraction of the Alexa service staff even has access to <a
href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/tech-and-telecom-law/amazons-alexa-reviewers-can-access-customers-home-addresses">
location and other personal data</a>.</p>
<p>Since the client program is nonfree, and data processing is done
“<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#CloudComputing">in
the cloud</a>” (a soothing way of saying “We won't
tell you how and where it's done”), users have no way
to know what happens to the recordings unless human eavesdroppers <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240416214211/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/three-cheers-for-amazon-s-human-eavesdroppers-1.1243033">
break their non-disclosure agreements</a>.</p>
</li>
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201808120">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2018-08</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>Crackers found a way to break the security of an Amazon device,
and <a href="https://boingboing.net/2018/08/12/alexa-bob-carol.html">
turn it into a listening device</a> for them.</p>
<p>It was very difficult for them to do this. The job would be much
easier for Amazon. And if some government such as China or the US
told Amazon to do this, or cease to sell the product in that country,
do you think Amazon would have the moral fiber to say no?</p>
<p><small>(These crackers are probably hackers too, but please <a
href="https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html"> don't use
“hacking” to mean “breaking security”</a>.)</small></p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="big-section">
<h3 id="misc">Other products</h3>
</div>
<div style="clear: left;"></div>
<ul class="blurbs">
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M202204040">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2022-04</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>New Amazon worker chat app <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2022/04/04/amazon-union-living-wage-restrooms-chat-app/">would
ban specific words Amazon doesn't like</a>, such as
“union”, “restrooms”, and “pay
raise”. If the app was free, workers could modify the program
so it acts as they wish, not how Amazon wants it.</p>
</li>
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201911190">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2019-11</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>Internet-tethered Amazon Ring had
a security vulnerability that enabled attackers to <a
href="https://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2019/11/07/amazons-ring-doorbells-leaks-customers-wi-fi-username-and-password">
access the user's wifi password</a>, and snoop on the household
through connected surveillance devices.</p>
<p>Knowledge of the wifi password would not be sufficient to carry
out any significant surveillance if the devices implemented proper
security, including encryption. But many devices with proprietary
software lack this. Of course, they are also used by their
manufacturers for snooping.</p>
</li>
<!-- Copied from workshop/mal.rec. Do not edit in malware-amazon.html. -->
<li id="M201711200">
<!--#set var="DATE" value='<small class="date-tag">2017-11</small>'
--><!--#echo encoding="none" var="DATE" -->
<p>Amazon recently invited consumers to be suckers and <a
href="https://www.techdirt.com/2017/11/22/vulnerability-found-amazon-key-again-showing-how-dumber-tech-is-often-smarter-option/">
allow delivery staff to open their front doors</a>. Wouldn't you know
it, the system has a grave security flaw.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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