/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html-diff

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<title>Essays and Articles
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
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<h2>Essays and Articles</h2>
(追記) <div class="thin"></div>
<div class="comment"> (追記ここまで)
<p>This page lists a series of articles describing the philosophy of the
free software movement, which is the motivation for our development of
the free software operating system GNU.</p>
(削除) <p>
<!-- please leave both these ID attributes here. ... -->
<a id="TOCFreedomOrganizations">We</a>
<a id="FreedomOrganizations">also</a>
<!-- ... we removed this as an H$ section as it was duplicating the -->
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keep a list (削除ここまで)
(追記) <p>The most important articles are marked with asterisks, and listed first
in each category. The other ones are in reverse chronological order.</p>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<h3 class="no-display">Table (追記ここまで) of
(削除) <a href="/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations">Organizations
that Work (削除ここまで) (追記) Contents</h3>
<ul class="columns">
 <li><a href="#aboutfs">About Free Software</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#principles">Principles</a></li>
 <li><a href="#practice">Practice</a></li>
 <li><a href="#extension">Extension to other areas</a></li>
 <li><a href="#mix">Mixing free and nonfree</a></li>
 <li><a href="#free-open">Free software and open source</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">The GNU Project</a></li>
 <li><a href="#fsmovement">The free software movement</a></li>
 <li><a href="#need">The need (追記ここまで) for (削除) Freedom in
Computer Development (削除ここまで) (追記) free software</a></li>
 <li><a href="#action">Guide for action</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#LicensingFreeSoftware">Licensing Free Software</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="/licenses/licenses.html">General information</a></li>
 <li><a href="#copyleft">Copyleft</a></li>
 <li><a href="#non-copyleft">Non-copyleft</a></li>
 <li><a href="#traps">Licensing traps</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#Laws">Legal Issues</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#patents">Patents</a></li>
 <li><a href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
 <li><a href="#noip">The propaganda term “Intellectual
 Property”</a></li>
 <li><a href="#sco">Response to SCO's attacks</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#cultural">Cultural and Social Issues</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#society">Digital society</a></li>
 <li><a href="#drm">Digital restrictions management (追記ここまで) and (削除) Electronic Communications</a>.</p> (削除ここまで) (追記) treacherous computing</a></li>
 <li><a href="#ns">Network services</a></li>
 <li><a href="#access">Accessing culture</a></li>
 <li><a href="#funding">Funding cultural works</a></li>
 <li><a href="#evils">Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc.</a></li>
 <li><a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">Proprietary malware</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#terminology">Terminology and Definitions</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html#humor">Philosophical Humor</a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="no-display" />
</div> (追記ここまで)
<h3 id="aboutfs">About Free Software</h3>
<p>
Free software is a matter of freedom: people should be free to use
software in all the ways that are socially useful. Software differs
from material objects—such as chairs, sandwiches, and
gasoline—in that it can be copied and changed much more easily.
These possibilities make software as useful as it is; we believe
software users should be able to make use of them.</p>
(削除) <ul>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">What (削除ここまで)
(追記) <h4 id="principles">Principles</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1996… ]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">
 What (追記ここまで) is Free Software?</a></li>
 (削除) <li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">Why (削除ここまで)
 (追記) <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2015]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
 Free Software Is Even More Important Now</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1996]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">
 Selling Free Software</a>
 — This is OK!</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html">
 Why programs must not limit the freedom to run them</a>
 (by RMS)
 — Freedom 0 must not be limited.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2007]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html">
 Your Freedom Needs Free Software</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1994]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">
 Why (追記ここまで) Software Should Not Have (削除) Owners</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">Why (削除ここまで) (追記) Owners</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1991]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">
 Why (追記ここまで) Software Should Be Free</a> (削除) (This is an (削除ここまで)
 (追記) (by RMS)
 — An (追記ここまで) older and longer essay about the same topic as the 
 previous (削除) one)</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Why (削除ここまで) (追記) one.</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="practice">Practice</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2023]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/tivoization.html">
 Tivoization</a>
 — When free software isn't free in practice</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1999-2011]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html">
 When (追記ここまで) Free Software (削除) Needs
 Free Documentation</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/selling.html">Selling (削除ここまで) (追記) Isn't (Practically) Superior</a>
 (by Benjamin Mako Hill)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html">
 Applying the (追記ここまで) Free (削除) Software</a> (削除ここまで) (追記) Software Criteria</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2014]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/imperfection-isnt-oppression.html">
 Imperfection (追記ここまで) is (削除) OK!</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free and
 Non-Free Software</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"> FLOSS (削除ここまで) (追記) not the same as oppression</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2011]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html">
 Android (追記ここまで) and (削除) FOSS</a></li>
 <li><a href="/software/reliability.html">Free (削除ここまで) (追記) Users' Freedom</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1997-2011]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/software/reliability.html">
 Free (追記ここまで) Software is More Reliable!</a></li>
 (削除) <li><a href="/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html"> (削除ここまで)
(追記) </ul>
<h4 id="extension">Extension to other areas</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1996]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">
 Why Free Software Needs Free Documentation</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2025]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/nonfree-software-in-my-bank.html">
 Nonfree Software in My Bank</a> (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2020]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html">
 Should Rockets Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html">
 Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html">
 What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
 Network Services Aren't Free or Nonfree; They Raise Other Issues</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/gnutella.html" id="Gnutella">
 Regarding Gnutella</a></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="mix">Mixing free and nonfree</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2016]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html"> (追記ここまで)
 When Free Software (削除) Isn't (Practically) Superior</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why (削除ここまで) (追記) Depends on Nonfree</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html">
 Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">
 Thank You, Larry McVoy</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/udi.html">
 The Free Software Movement and UDI</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="free-open">Free software and open source</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2007-2021]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
 Why (追記ここまで) “Open Source” (削除) misses (削除ここまで) (追記) Misses (追記ここまで) the (削除) point (削除ここまで) (追記) Point (追記ここまで) of Free (削除) Software</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html">Linux, (削除ここまで) (追記) Software</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">
 How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of Programs</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html">
 FLOSS and FOSS</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html">
 Linux, (追記ここまで) GNU, and
 (削除) Freedom</a></li> (削除ここまで) (追記) Freedom</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html">
 Letter from RMS to the Editor of Dr. Dobb's Journal</a>
 on the distinction between open source and the free software movement.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">
 “Open Source Software” or “Free Software”?</a>
 (replaced by <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
 Why “Open Source” Misses the Point of Free Software</a>)</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</h3>
<h4>The GNU Project</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> (追記ここまで)
 <li><a (削除) href="/philosophy/gnutella.html"
 id="Gnutella">Regarding Gnutella</a></li> (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/gnu/gnu.html">The GNU Operating System</a>
 — History, relationship with Linux, etc.</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="fsmovement">The free software movement</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> (追記ここまで) 
 <li><a (削除) href="/philosophy/schools.html">Why (削除ここまで) (追記) href="https://www.fsf.org/">
 The official website of the Free Software Foundation</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html">
 The Free Software Community After 20 Years</a>
 (by RMS)
 — With great but incomplete success, what now?</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">
 15 Years of Free Software</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html">
 Free Software Movement</a></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="need">The need for free software</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2011-2017]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">
 Measures Governments Can Use to Promote Free Software</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2009-2014]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/education/edu-schools.html">
 Why (追記ここまで) Schools Should Use Exclusively Free (削除) Software</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html">MyDoom (削除ここまで) (追記) Software</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2014]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html">
 Technological Neutrality (追記ここまで) and (削除) You</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">
 15 Years of (削除ここまで) Free (削除) Software</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html">Free (削除ここまで) (追記) Software</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/uruguay.html">
 Lesson from Uruguay</a>
 — The FSF learned something from a bill presented in Uruguay.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/second-sight.html">
 Free (追記ここまで) Software (削除) movement</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html">
 Your Freedom Needs (削除ここまで) (追記) and (e-)Government</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.html"> (追記ここまで)
 Free (削除) Software</a></li>
 <li><a (削除ここまで) (追記) Software and Sustainable Development</a>
 (by RMS)
 — A short article regarding the use of proprietary software in
 cultural development.</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="action">Guide for action</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2024]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/the-moral-and-the-legal.html">
 The Moral and the Legal</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2020]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">
 Saying No to unjust computing even once is help</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2009]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a (追記ここまで) href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html">
 Motives For Writing Free Software</a></li>
 (削除) <li><a href="/philosophy/gov-promote.html">
 How Should Governments Promote Free Software?</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="aboutgnu">About (削除ここまで)
 (追記) <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002-2020]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html" id="NoWordAttachments">
 We Can Put an End to Word Attachments</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2019]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/install-fest-devil.html">
 Install Fests: What to Do about (追記ここまで) the (削除) GNU Operating System</h3>
<ul>
 <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">Initial announcement of (削除ここまで) (追記) Deal with (追記ここまで) the (追記) Devil</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2019]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/upgrade-windows.html">
 What Is the Right Way to Upgrade an Installation of Windows?</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2018]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/kind-communication.html"> (追記ここまで)
 GNU (削除) Operating System</a></li>
 <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">The GNU Manifesto</a></li>
 <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">Brief history (削除ここまで) (追記) Kind Communications Guidelines</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2017]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/hackathons.html">
 Why Hackathons Should Insist on Free Software</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2014]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/contradictory-support.html">
 Beware (追記ここまで) of (追記) Contradictory “Support”</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/devils-advocate.html">
 Why (追記ここまで) the (削除) GNU Project</a></li>
 <li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">The GNU Project</a>,
 a longer and more complete description (削除ここまで) (追記) Devil's Advocate Doesn't Help Reach the Truth</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2010]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/practical.html">
 The Advantages (追記ここまで) of (追記) Free Software</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2009]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html">
 How (追記ここまで) the (削除) project (削除ここまで) (追記) Swedish Pirate Party Platform Backfires on Free Software</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2009]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html">
 Lest CodePlex perplex</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/ucita.html">
 Why We Must Fight UCITA</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">
 Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2007]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/social-inertia.html">
 Overcoming Social Inertia</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html">
 MyDoom (追記ここまで) and (削除) its
 history.</li>
 <li><a href="/fsf/fsf.html">What is (削除ここまで) (追記) You</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/kevin-cole-response.html">
 A Response Letter to (追記ここまで) the (削除) Free Software Foundation?</a></li>
 <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why GNU/Linux?</a></li> (削除ここまで) (追記) Word Attachments</a>
 (by Kevin Cole)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/anonymous-response.html">
 A Response to Word Attachments</a></li> (追記ここまで)
</ul>
<h3 id="LicensingFreeSoftware">Licensing Free Software</h3>
(削除) <ul> (削除ここまで)
(追記) <ul class="no-bullet"> (追記ここまで)
 <li><a (削除) href="/licenses/licenses.html">General (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/licenses/licenses.html">
 Licenses</a>
 — General (追記ここまで) information on licensing and (削除) copyleft</a></li>
 <li><a href="/licenses/license-list.html">A list of specific free 
 software licenses</a></li>
 <li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions About (削除ここまで) (追記) copyleft</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="copyleft">Copyleft</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2003]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">
 Why Copyleft?</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1998]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">
 Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2009-2017]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">
 On Selling Exceptions to (追記ここまで) the GNU (削除) Licenses</a></li>
 <li><a href="/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html">Why You Shouldn't Use the 
 Lesser GPL for Your Next Library</a></li>
 <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">Copyleft</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">Why Copyleft?</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/university.html">Releasing Free Software if 
 You Work at (削除ここまで) (追記) GPL</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2014]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html">
 When (追記ここまで) a (削除) University</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">Javascript Trap</a> 
 —You may be running non-free programs on your computer 
 every day without realizing it — through your web browser.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/vaccination.html">Viral Code and Vaccination</a>, 
 an article by Robert J. Chassell</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html"> (削除ここまで) (追記) Company Asks For Your Copyright</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html"> (追記ここまで)
 Censorship envy and (削除) licensing</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/x.html">The X Window System Trap</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/apsl.html">The Problems (削除ここまで) (追記) licensing</a>
 (by David “Novalis” Turner, on <i>fsf.org</i>)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228133128/https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/research/gpl/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf">
 English translation (追記ここまで) of the (削除) Apple License</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.html">The BSD License Problem</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">The Netscape Public License 
 Has Serious Problems</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.html">The Free Software Movement and UDI</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/gates.html">It's not the Gates, it's the 
 bars</a>, an article by Richard Stallman published in BBC News in
 2008</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">Is Microsoft (削除ここまで) (追記) famous decision of (追記ここまで) the (削除) Great Satan?</a> 
 (An <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">older version</a> (削除ここまで) (追記) District Court (追記ここまで) of 
 (削除) this article is also available.)</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">The Microsoft 
 Antitrust Trial and Free Software</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html">On (削除ここまで)
 (追記) Munich</a> regarding (追記ここまで) the (削除) Microsoft Verdict</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html">
 Microsoft's New Monopoly</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html">
 Lest CodePlex perplex</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html" id="PlanNineLicense">
 The Problems (削除ここまで) (追記) enforceability and validity (追記ここまで) of the (削除) Plan 9 License</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/motif.html" id="MotifLicense">
 The New Motif License</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html" id="UsingGFDL">Using (削除ここまで) (追記) GPL (by (追記ここまで)
 the (削除) GNU FDL</a></li>
 <li><a (削除ここまで) (追記) translators of the Oxford Internet Institute, on
 <i>oii.ox.ac.uk</i>)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/university.html">
 Releasing Free Software if You Work at a University</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a (追記ここまで) href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html" id="GPLAmericanWay">
 The GNU GPL and the American (削除) Way</a></li>
 <li><a (削除ここまで) (追記) Way</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a (追記ここまで) href="/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html" id="GPLAmericanDream">
 The GNU GPL and the American (削除) Dream</a></li>
 <li><a (削除ここまで) (追記) Dream</a>
 (by Bradley M. Kuhn)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html" id="FreedomOrPower">
 Freedom or Power?</a>
 (by Bradley M. Kuhn and RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html">
 GPL-compliant version of RTLinux Open Patent License in Works</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a (追記ここまで) href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html" id="EnforcingGPL">
 Enforcing the GNU (削除) GPL</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">
 On Selling Exceptions to (削除ここまで) (追記) GPL</a>
 (by Eben Moglen)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html" id="UsingGFDL">
 Using (追記ここまで) the GNU (削除) GPL</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html" id="FreedomOrPower">
 Freedom or Power?</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html" id="NoWordAttachments">
 We Can Put (削除ここまで) (追記) FDL</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="non-copyleft">Non-copyleft</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/apsl.html">
 FSF's Opinion of the Apple Public Source License (APSL) 2.0</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html" id="PlanNineLicense">
 The Problems of the (Earlier) Plan 9 License</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">
 On the Netscape Public License</a>
 (by RMS)
 [<a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">older version</a>]</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/netscape.html">
 Netscape and Free Software</a>
 — An old article that clarifies some misunderstandings about (追記ここまで) an (削除) End to Word Attachments</a></li>
 <li><a (削除ここまで)
 (追記) announcement by Netscape.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1997]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/motif.html" id="MotifLicense">
 The Motif License</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="traps">Licensing traps</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2009-2019]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">
 JavaScript Trap</a>
 (by RMS)
 — You may be running nonfree programs on your computer every day
 without realizing it—through your web browser.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004-2015]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a (追記ここまで) href="/philosophy/java-trap.html" id="JavaTrap">
 Free But Shackled - The Java Trap</a> (削除) (Although (削除ここまで)
 (追記) (by RMS)
 — Although (追記ここまで) Sun has
 <a (削除) href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html"> (削除ここまで) (追記) href="https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html"> (追記ここまで)
 relicensed</a> most of its Java platform reference implementation under
 the GNU General Public License, the issue described in this article
 still remains (削除) important)</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html" id="FightingSoftwarePatents">
 Fighting (削除ここまで) (追記) important.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998-2009]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/x.html">
 The X Window System Trap</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">
 The Curious Incident of Sun in the Night-Time</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="Laws">Legal Issues</h3>
<h4 id="patents">Patents</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2012]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html">
 Giving the (追記ここまで) Software (削除) Patents - Singly (削除ここまで) (追記) Field Protection from Patents</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2011]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html">
 Europe's “unitary patent” could mean unlimited software
 patents</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000-2007]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="https://www.eff.org/search/site/dvd%20cases/">
 EFF “Intellectual Property”: MPAA (Motion Picture
 Association of America) DVD Cases Archive</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/trivial-patent.html">
 The Anatomy of a Trivial Patent</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html">
 Microsoft's New Monopoly</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/aug/02/comment.business">
 Soft sell</a>
 (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)
 — Comments on the defeat of the EU software patenting directive.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html">
 Bill Gates (追記ここまで) and (削除) Together</a></li>
 <li><a (削除ここまで) (追記) Other Communists</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a (追記ここまで) href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html" id="SoftwareLiteraryPatents">
 Software Patents and Literary (削除) Patents</a>, by Richard M. Stallman,
 speaking (削除ここまで) (追記) Patents</a>
 (by RMS)
 — Speaking (追記ここまで) of patenting artistic techniques, US patent (6,935,954)
 covers making game characters start to hallucinate when (according to the
 game) they are being driven insane. That is getting pretty close to the
 hypothetical examples cited in this (削除) article.
 </li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html">GPL-compliant version
 of RTLinux Open (削除ここまで) (追記) article.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html" id="FightingSoftwarePatents">
 Fighting Software Patents—Singly and Together</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit"> (追記ここまで)
 Patent (削除) License (削除ここまで) (追記) absurdity</a>
 (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html">
 FSF's Position on W3 Consortium “Royalty-Free” Patent Policy</a>
 (rewritten)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html">
 Opposing The European Software Patent Directive</a>
 (by RMS and Nick Hill)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="https://www.eff.org/press/releases/princeton-scientists-sue-over-squelched-research">
 Princeton Scientists Sue Over Squelched Research</a>
 (press release on <i>eff.org</i>)
 — In <cite>Felten v. RIAA</cite>, scientists ask a court to rule that the
 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not prohibit them from
 publishing their research.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/hague.html">
 Harm from the Hague</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815064858/http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf"
 id="SequentialIPandI">
 Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation</a>
 (by James Bessen and Eric Maskin, on <i>researchoninnovation.org</i>, archived)
 — This paper presents a mathematical model showing how patents can
 impede progress (追記ここまで) in (削除) Works</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="Laws">Laws (削除ここまで) (追記) fields like software.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html">
 Letter from RMS to Tim O'Reilly</a>
 in regard to a statement by Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon, on the duration of
 software patents.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/amazon-nat.html">
 Amazon Boycott Success!</a>
 (a letter from Nat Friedman to RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/amazon.html">
 (Formerly) Boycott Amazon!</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/amazonpatent.html">
 Method (追記ここまで) and (削除) Issues</h3>
<h4 id="copyright">Copyright</h4>
<ul>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html">Why I Will Not Sign (削除ここまで) (追記) system for placing a purchase order via a communications
 network</a> 
 — Amazon patent with notes by RMS</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1997]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/gif.html">
 Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages</a>
 — While this story is a historical illustration of (追記ここまで) the (削除) Public Domain Manifesto</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html">How (削除ここまで) (追記) danger of
 software patents, these particular patents are now no longer a concern.
 For details of our website policies regarding GIFs, see our <a
 href="/server/standards/gnu-website-guidelines.html#UseofGraphics">web
 guidelines</a>.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">
 Saving Europe from Software Patents</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/protecting.html">
 Help Protect (追記ここまで) the (削除) Swedish Pirate Party 
 Platform Backfires on (削除ここまで) (追記) Rights to Write Both Nonfree and (追記ここまで) Free Software</a></li>
 (削除) <li><a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">Misinterpreting
 Copyright</a> is another essay
 by (削除ここまで)
 (追記) <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard Stallman</a> about (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html">
 Patent Reform Is Not Enough</a></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="copyright">Copyright</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2002]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">
 Misinterpreting Copyright—A Series of Errors</a>
 (by RMS)
 — About (追記ここまで) the flaws in popular defenses of copyright law.</li>
 (削除) <li><a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html">FSF's (削除ここまで)
 (追記) <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1996]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html">
 Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2010]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html">
 Why I Will Not Sign the Public Domain Manifesto</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html">
 Freedom—or Copyright?</a>
 (by RMS)
 [<a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">older version</a>]</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html">
 FSF's (追記ここまで) Brief Amicus Curiae in the (削除) Eldred (削除ここまで) (追記) <cite>Eldred (追記ここまで) v. (削除) Ashcroft (削除ここまで) (追記) Ashcroft</cite> (追記ここまで) Supreme Court (削除) case</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html">Science (削除ここまで) (追記) case</a>
 (by Eben Moglen)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html">
 Science (追記ここまで) must “push copyright (削除) aside”</a>, another work of <a
 href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard Stallman</a> that appeared (削除ここまで) (追記) aside”</a>
 (by RMS, first published (追記ここまで) in
 (削除) the (削除ここまで) <a
 (削除) href="http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html">
 Nature Webdebates</a> (削除ここまで)
 (追記) href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050729110347/http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html">
 <cite>Nature WebDebates</cite></a> (追記ここまで) in (削除) 2001, (削除ここまで) (追記) 2001)
 — This article (追記ここまで) explains how copyright is impeding progress in
 scientific research. You may also be interested
 in <a
 (削除) href="https://www.plos.org/">The (削除ここまで) (追記) href="https://plos.org/">The (追記ここまで) Public Library of Science</a>,
 which is dedicated to making scientific research freely available to all
 on the Internet.</li>
 (削除) <li><a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html">Reevaluating
 Copyright: The Public must prevail</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html">
 Eldred (削除ここまで)
 (追記) <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030604075825/http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm">
 Examples of Excellent Copyright Policies</a>
 (on <i>humaninfo.org</i>, archived)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html">
 Original complaint in <cite>Eldred (追記ここまで) v. (削除) Reno</a> is about a (削除ここまで) (追記) Reno</cite></a>
 (on <i>harvard.edu</i>)
 — A (追記ここまで) lawsuit to overturn a law that extends copyright by 20 extra
 years.</li>
 (削除) <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html">Freedom-Or
 Copyright?</a>, by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
 Stallman</a> (an <a
 href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">older version</a> of
 this essay remains online as well).</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/copyright-versus-community.html"
 id="StallmanTalkLSM"> Copyright versus community in the age of
 computer networks</a>: is a transcript of a keynote by
 <a href="http://www.stallman.org"> Richard Stallman</a> at
 the LIANZA conference in Christchurch, New Zealand, on October 12,
 2009.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/resources/feedback/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf">
 An English translation</a> of the famous decision of the District
 Court of Munich (Germany) regarding the enforceability and validity
 of the GPL. The translation was done by the Oxford Internet
 Institute.</li>
 <!-- This link is broken
 <li><a href="http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm">Examples of
 Excellent Copyright Policies</a></li> (削除ここまで)
 (追記) <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' (追記ここまで) -->
 (削除) <li><a href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html">
 Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?</a> By (削除ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="http://www.stallman.org"> Richard Stallman</a></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="drm">Digital Restrictions Management</h4>
<ul>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html">
 Correcting My Mistake about French Law</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.html">The problem is
 software controlled by its developer</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/computing-progress.html">Computing
 “progress”: good and bad</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/why-audio-format-matters.html">Why Audio
 Format matters</a> by Karl Fogel</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/opposing-drm.html">Opposing Digital Rights
 Mismanagement</a>, by Richard M. Stallman, answers a few common
 questions about DRM.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">Ebooks: Freedom Or
 Copyright</a> a slightly modified version of the article, originally
 published in Technology Review in 2000, by 
 <a href="http://www.stallman.org"> Richard Stallman</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html">
 Ebooks must increase our freedom, not decrease it</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">Can you trust your
 computer?</a>, a work by <a href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
 Stallman</a> about the so-called “trusted computing”
 initiatives.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right to Read: A
 Dystopian Short Story</a> by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">
 Richard Stallman</a></li> (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html">
 Comments on Roderick Long's Article</a>
 (by RMS)</li> (追記ここまで)
</ul>
<h4 id="noip">The propaganda term (追記) “<a
href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">Intellectual
Property</a>”</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2004]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty"> (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">
 Did You Say (追記ここまで) “Intellectual (削除) Property”</a></h4>
<ul>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">The (削除ここまで) (追記) Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">
 The (追記ここまで) Curious History of Komongistan (Busting the term “intellectual (削除) property”)</a></li>
 
 <li><a href="/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html">Don't (削除ここまで)
 (追記) property”)</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html">
 Don't (追記ここまで) Let “Intellectual Property” Twist Your (削除) Ethos</a>, by
 Richard M. Stallman.</li>
 <li>Comments from Richard Stallman
 on (削除ここまで) (追記) Ethos</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html">the ICLC's (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html">
 Reject IP Enforcement Directive</a>
 — Comments on the (追記ここまで) rejection of (追記) this directive by (追記ここまで) the
 (削除) IP Enforcement Directive</a></li>
 <li>Richard Stallman has
 written (削除ここまで) (追記) International
 Civil Liberties Coalition.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html">a review of (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html">
 Review: (追記ここまで) Boldrin and (削除) Levine's (削除ここまで) (追記) Levine, (追記ここまで) “The (削除) case against intellectual
 property.”</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">Did You Say
 “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage</a>.
 An essay on the true meaning of the phrase “Intellectual
 Property”, by Richard M. Stallman</li> (削除ここまで) (追記) Case Against Intellectual
 Property”</a>
 (by RMS)</li> (追記ここまで)
</ul>
<h4 (削除) id="patents">Patents</h4>
<ul>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html">Giving the Software
 Field Protection from Patents</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html">FSF's (削除ここまで) (追記) id="sco">Response to SCO's attacks</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003-2004]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html">
 FSF's (追記ここまで) Position (追記) regarding SCO's attacks (追記ここまで) on (削除) W3
 Consortium “Royalty-Free” Patent Policy</a>
 rewritten</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html">Opposing The European
 Software Patent Directive</a>, a slightly modified version of the 
 article, originally published in <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk">
 The Guardian</a> of London by (削除ここまで) (追記) Free Software</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard 
 Stallman</a> (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html">
 SCO, GNU, (追記ここまで) and (削除) Nick Hill.</li>
 <li>How (削除ここまで) (追記) Linux</a>
 (by RMS)
 — How SCO's lawsuit against IBM pertains (追記ここまで) to (削除) Protect (削除ここまで) the (削除) <a href="/philosophy/protecting.html">Right
 to Write Software</a> (independent (削除ここまで) (追記) work (追記ここまで) of (削除) whether it's free or not)</li>
 <li>In <a href="https://www.eff.org/press/releases/princeton-scientists-sue-over-squelched-research">
 Felten v. RIAA</a>, scientists are asking a court to rule that (削除ここまで) the
 (削除) Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not prohibit them from
 publishing their research.</li>
 <li><a href="https://www.eff.org/search/site/dvd cases/">EFF
 “Intellectual Property”: MPAA (Motion Picture Association of
 America) DVD Cases Archive</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html">Patent
 Reform Is Not Enough</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">Saving Europe from
 Software Patents</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/amazon.html">Boycott Amazon!</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf"
 id="SequentialIPandI">Sequential Innovation, Patents, (削除ここまで)
 (追記) GNU project.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="cultural">Cultural (追記ここまで) and
 (削除) Imitation</a> is a paper that presents a mathematical model showing
 how patents can impede progress in fields like software.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/hague.html">Harm from the Hague</a>.</li>
 <li><a href="http://technology.guardian.co.uk/online/comment/story/0,12449,1540984,00.html">
 Soft sell</a>. An article by Richard M. Stallman published in (削除ここまで) (追記) Social Issues</h3>
<h4 id="society">Digital society</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2012]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="http://www.guardian.co.uk">The Guardian</a>.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit">
 Patent absurdity</a>, an article by Richard M. Stallman published in (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/stallmans-law.html">
 Stallman's Law</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2009]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="http://www.guardian.co.uk">The Guardian</a>.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/trivial-patent.html">The Anatomy of a
 Trivial Patent</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.html">Why there are no GIF files (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html">
 Is Digital Inclusion A Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2007]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/computing-progress.html">
 Computing “progress”: good and bad</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/wsis.html">
 World Summit (追記ここまで) on (削除) GNU web 
 pages</a>, While this story is a historical illustration of (削除ここまで) the (削除) danger of 
 software patents, these particular patents are now no longer (削除ここまで) (追記) Information Society</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="drm">Digital restrictions management and treacherous computing</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2006]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/opposing-drm.html">
 Opposing Digital Rights Mismanagement</a>
 (by RMS)
 — Answers to (追記ここまで) a (削除) concern. 
 For details of our website (削除ここまで) (追記) few common questions about DRM.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2002]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="/server/fsf-html-style-sheet.html#UseofGraphics">
 policies regarding GIFs</a>, see our web (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">
 Can You Trust Your Computer?</a>
 (by RMS)
 — About the so-called “trusted computing” initiatives.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="/server/standards/">
 web guidelines</a>.</li> (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/nonfree-games.html">
 Nonfree DRM'd Games on GNU/Linux: Good or Bad?</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html">
 Correcting My Mistake about French Law</a>
 (by RMS)</li> (追記ここまで)
</ul>
<h4 id="ns">Network Services</h4>
(削除) <ul>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
 Network Services Aren't Free or Nonfree; They Raise Other Issues</a> an
 article by Richard Stallman.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">Who (削除ここまで)
(追記) <ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2010-2020]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">
 Who (追記ここまで) does that server really serve?</a> (削除) by Richard Stallman published
 in (削除ここまで)
 (追記) (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2020]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM">
 Boston Review.</a></li> (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/posting-videos.html">
 Posting Videos</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html">
 What's Wrong with YouTube</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2014]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">
 The Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2011]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.html">
 A wise user judges each Internet usage scenario carefully</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2011]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.html">
 Keep control of your computing, so it doesn't control you!</a>
 (by RMS)</li> (追記ここまで)
</ul>
<h4 (削除) id="cultural">Cultural and Social Issues</h4>
<ul>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html">
 Technological Neutrality and Free Software</a>
 by Richard Stallman</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">How Much
 Surveillance Can Democracy Withstand?</a> by Richard Stallman</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/nonfree-games.html">Nonfree DRM'd Games on
 GNU/Linux: Good or Bad?</a> by Richard Stallman</li>
 <li> (削除ここまで) (追記) id="access">Accessing culture</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1996-2016]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">
 The Right to Read: A Dystopian Short Story</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-economy-bill-richard-stallman"> (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html">
 Ebooks must increase our freedom, not decrease it</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2011]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">
 The Danger of E-Books</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2010]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-economy-bill-richard-stallman"> (追記ここまで)
 Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and the other clown taketh away</a> 
 (削除) by <a href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard Stallman</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html">
 Is Digital Inclusion A Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?</a> 
 by <a href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard Stallman</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/wsis.html">World Summit (削除ここまで)
 (追記) (by RMS, (追記ここまで) on (削除) the Information
 Society</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/lessig-fsfs-intro.html">The introduction by
 Lawrence Lessig</a>
 to (削除ここまで) (追記) <i>theguardian.com</i>)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><i>
 Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
 M. Stallman</i></a> is available for reading.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html">Encryption software
 volunteers needed in countries without export control</a>.</li>
 <li>How to Protect the (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">
 Ebooks: Freedom Or Copyright</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html">
 Freedoms of Speech, Press, (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html">
 The Free Universal Encyclopedia (追記ここまで) and (削除) Association</a> on the Internet</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/privacyaction.html">Protect Postal
 Privacy</a>, a campaign (削除ここまで) (追記) Learning Resource</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.html">
 U.S. Congress Threatens (追記ここまで) to (削除) resist the proposed rule by (削除ここまで) (追記) Establish a New Kind of Monopoly</a>
 — An attempt of (追記ここまで) the (削除) United
 States Postal Service (削除ここまで) (追記) Congress (追記ここまで) to (削除) collect (削除ここまで) (追記) create a (追記ここまで) private (削除) information from
 customers.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/ucita.html">Why We Must Fight UCITA</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/second-sight.html">Free Software and
 (e-)Government</a> — an article from The Guardian, by Richard
 Stallman (originally published under (削除ここまで) (追記) monopoly over
 repeating publicly known information.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/stophr3028.html">
 Stop H.R. 3028 - Protect (追記ここまで) the (削除) title “Second
 Sight”).</li>
 <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070806183422/http://www.insnet.org/ins_headlines.rxml?cust=212&id=967">
 Free Software and Sustainable Development</a> — A short
 article by Richard Stallman regarding (削除ここまで) (追記) Net - Stop (追記ここまで) the (削除) use of proprietary
 software in (削除ここまで) (追記) Trademark Monopolists</a>
 (by Marc Rotenberg)</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="funding">Funding (追記ここまで) cultural (削除) development.</li> (削除ここまで) (追記) works</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/funding-art-vs-funding-software.html">
 Funding Art vs Funding Software</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1992]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/dat.html">
 The Right Way to Tax DAT</a>
 (by RMS)</li> (追記ここまで)
</ul>
<h4 (削除) id="misc">Misc</h4>
<ul>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/proprietary.html">Clearly (削除ここまで) (追記) id="evils">Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc.</h4>
<ul class="no-bullet">
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2013… ]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">
 Proprietary Software Is Often Malware</a>
 — Clearly (追記ここまで) established cases of proprietary software that does
 nasty things to the
 (削除) users</a>.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">The
 Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a>, By Richard Stallman.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">The Curious
 Incident of Sun in the Night-Time</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html">SCO, GNU, and
 Linux</a>, (削除ここまで) (追記) users.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2015… ]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">
 How Much Surveillance Can Democracy Withstand?</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2021]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html">
 The WWWorst App Store</a>
 (by Alexandre Oliva)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2018]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.html">
 Anonymous Payment (追記ここまで) by (削除) Richard Stallman, discusses how SCO's lawsuit against
 IBM pertains (削除ここまで) (追記) Phone</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2018]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance">
 A radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a>
 (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2018]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.html">
 Surveillance Testimony</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.html">
 Ubuntu Spyware: What (追記ここまで) to (追記) Do?</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2009]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">
 Is Microsoft (追記ここまで) the (削除) work of (削除ここまで) (追記) Great Satan?</a>
 [<a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">older version</a>]</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.html">
 The Problem Is Software Controlled By Its Developer</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/gates.html">
 It's not (追記ここまで) the (削除) GNU project. Please see (削除ここまで) (追記) Gates, it's (追記ここまで) the (追記) bars</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html">FSF SCO Response Page</a> for
 more details on this subject.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html">FSF's (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html">
 The Wassenaar Arrangement</a>
 — Encryption software volunteers needed in countries without
 export control.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html">
 FSF's (追記ここまで) Statement in Response to Proposed Revised Final Judgment in (削除) Microsoft vs. (削除ここまで)
 (追記) <cite>Microsoft v. (追記ここまで) United
 (削除) States, submitted to the US Department of Justice under (削除ここまで) (追記) States</cite></a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html">
 On (追記ここまで) the (削除) Tunney
 Act</a>.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.html">U.S. Congress Threatens (削除ここまで) (追記) Microsoft Verdict</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">
 The Microsoft Antitrust Trial and Free Software</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/privacyaction.html">
 Protect Postal Privacy</a>
 (by Kathleen Ellis)
 — A campaign (追記ここまで) to (削除) Establish a New Kind of Monopoly</a>, an attempt of (削除ここまで) (追記) resist (追記ここまで) the (削除) Congress (削除ここまで) (追記) proposed rule by the United States
 Postal Service (追記ここまで) to (削除) create a (削除ここまで) (追記) collect (追記ここまで) private (削除) monopoly over repeating publicly known
 information.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/dat.html">The Right Way to Tax DAT</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html">Censoring My
 Software</a>, by (削除ここまで) (追記) information from customers.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
 Stallman</a></li>
 
 <li><a href="/philosophy/funding-art-vs-funding-software.html">Funding
 Art vs Funding Software</a>, by (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html">
 Freedoms of Speech, Press, and Association</a>
 — How to protect these freedoms on the Internet.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
 Stallman</a></li> (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html">
 Censoring My Software</a>
 (by RMS)</li> (追記ここまで)
</ul>
<h3 id="terminology">Terminology and Definitions</h3>
(削除) <ul>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html">
 Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words</a>
 which You Might Want (削除ここまで)
(追記) <ul class="no-bullet"> 
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1996… ]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">
 Words (追記ここまで) to (削除) Avoid</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why
 “Open Source” misses the point of Free Software</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">“Open
 Source Software” (削除ここまで) (追記) Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded (追記ここまで) or (削除) “Free Software”?</a>
 (This is an older essay about the same topic as the previous one.)</li>
 <li>Richard Stallman wrote (削除ここまで) (追記) Confusing</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999… ]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> (追記ここまで)
 <a (削除) href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html">
 letter to the editor</a> of Dr. Dobb's Journal in June 2001 which further 
 explains the distinction between the Free Software and Open Source 
 movements.</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free and
 Non-Free Software</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html">
 What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">Translations (削除ここまで) (追記) href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">
 Translations (追記ここまで) of the term “free software”</a>
 into various (削除) languages</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">Why call it the
 Swindle</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</h3>
<ul>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html">The Free Software 
 Community After 20 Years</a>, With great but incomplete success, 
 what now?</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry McVoy</a> 
 by Richard M. Stallman</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/social-inertia.html">
 Overcoming Social Inertia</a>, by Richard M. Stallman</li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</a></li>
 <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"> (削除ここまで) (追記) languages.</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996-2019]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">
 Categories of (追記ここまで) Free (削除) Software Is Even More Important Now</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Philosophical humor</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="/fun/humor.html#Philosophy">Philosophy Humor</a>.
 We don't have (削除ここまで) (追記) and Nonfree Software</a></li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">
 Why Call It The Swindle?</a>
 (by RMS)</li>
 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
 <a href="/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html">
 Public Awareness of Copyright, WIPO, June 2002</a>
 (by RMS)
 — How WIPO recognizes that their system is designed (追記ここまで) to (削除) be serious <i>all</i> (削除ここまで) (追記) restrict (追記ここまで)
 the (削除) time.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Links (削除ここまで) (追記) public, and how they propose (追記ここまで) to (削除) more philosophy articles</h3>
<ul>
<li id="Speeches"><a href="/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.html">
Speeches and interviews</a></li>
<li id="ThirdPartyIdeas"><a href="/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html">
Third party ideas</a></li>
<li id="Philosophy"><a href="/philosophy/">The main philosophy page</a></li> (削除ここまで) (追記) modify terminology so that people
 won't notice.</li> (追記ここまで)
</ul>
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