"PrLink Source for MacAsm"

By Paul F. Snively, MacTutor Contributing Editor

Well, if you have been following MacTutor for any length of time, you are probably aware that we are dedicated to the proposition that the Mac can be programmed with any of a number of languages that are available for the Mac, on the Mac.

What does it mean to program the Mac, though? Much has been made of the "standard user interface guidelines," which is a fancy way of saying that Apple Computer, Inc. thinks that all Mac applications should bear at least a passing resemblance to each other. From the user's point of view, this is a Godsend.

If you have read Inside Macintosh you are aware that there are at least three things that Apple says should be consistent from application to application: the apple menu, the file menu, and the edit menu.

Several people have gone into detail as to how to create a full-featured apple menu and edit menu for Mac applications. More recently, the "Open..." option (i.e. the standard file interface) has gotten a close look. Until now, however, no one has really looked at the obvious remaining element in a Mac application, namely, the "Print..." option.

I'm going to dodge the menu setup; I detest reinventing the wheel. If you are unsure as to how to create a "Print..." menu option which prints the current document associated with your application, I suggest that you get some MacTutor back issues and start reading. I am only going to concern myself here with the actual printing of text and graphics from within an assembly language application.

PrLink Source Missing

If you are using the release version of MDS, you are probably wondering what the big deal is. After all, MDS includes a file called PrLink.Rel which can simply be linked into your application and provides support for all of the printing manager routines. This is entirely true. If you are using MDS, don't bother to continue reading unless the theory behind the printing manager interface interests you, because the code is written for MacASM owners, who weren't blessed with a canned interface to the printing manager. [Note that Apple did not supply the source code to PrLink.Rel. How come? -Ed.]

Allow me to editorialize for a moment here. (Contributing editors can do that, can't they)? There is probably no area of the toolbox (if it can properly be called "part of the toolbox") that is so shrouded in mystery as the printing manager. The only program that I own that actually works through the printing manager is MacWrite (well, perhaps MacPaint does too, although I think it works at a lower level than MacWrite does). Of all of the development tools that I own, NOT ONE of them uses the printing manager -they simply open the serial port and start sending ASCII codes out. This is hardly the most device- independent way of doing things; as David Smith has noticed, that technique tends not to work with the LaserWriter, for example. So, it is important to work through the printing manager for reasons of compatibility, as well as to have the ability to use the font manager and Quickdraw to create graphics on the printer.

The primary reason that the printing manager is so neglected is that, unlike most areas of the toolbox, there is virtually no correlation between how the printing manager is accessed in PASCAL and how it is accessed in assembler (once again, unless you are using MDS - but even at that PrLink.Rel won't win any awards for being well-documented). In PASCAL, you simply use the appropriate functions and/or procedures, giving the proper parameters - no big deal. In assembly, though, you must deal with the printing resource file, overlays, dialog boxes, and so on - right down at the nuts and bolts level. The code that follows is my attempt to provide much the same easy access to the printing manager routines as PrLink.Rel does for MDS users.

Code Resources

If you have been following the whole discussion about resources, you have probably become aware that they are found (for the most part) in two places: within the application's file and within the system resource file (called, aptly, "System"). What you may or may not be aware of is that your application can also open other resource files to draw needed resources from. Opening resource files creates entries in a linked list - the most recently opened resource file is the first one searched, with the application itself being second to last, and the system resource file last.

The printing manager routines exist as resources in the printing resource file. Since resources can be executable code, Apple decided to use that approach (probably in order to allow for device independence as far as printers go - it'd be mighty hard to support a laser printer if the printing manager routines were in ROM). Interfacing to the printing manager consist of loading these resources as necessary and executing the code within them.

My Own PrLink Source

The "Print.Asm" code takes care of all of the dirty work for us by giving us the same routines as PASCAL users have. These routines can be described as follows:

The PrOpen routine opens the printing resource file and also opens the printer driver for us. We can then use the driver directly or through the high-level printing manager routines.

The PrStlDialog function is most commonly associated with the "Page Setup..." menu option. It allows the user to describe the page to the computer.

The PrJobDialog function is the one that is actually invoked upon choosing "Print..." and consists of the usual choices regarding pages to print, type of paper to use, and quality of printing.

The PrintDefault procedure simply fills in the PrintRec with the default values associated with that printer. This is useful for preventing weird values from popping up in PrintRec and for making it possible to set up a commonly used set of values (the default changes every time you answer the dialogs).

PrValidate makes sure that the PrintRec you pass to it is valid as far as the printing manager is concerned. This is handy if your application expects to find the PrintRec for a document within the document itself (yes, you can do that). Simply read the PrintRec from the document and do a PrValidate on it. PrValidate will fail (returning a boolean "false") if the PrintRec is not compatible with the current printing manager software.

PrJobMerge is useful if your application allows for printing of multiple documents in succession (in other words, if it allows the user to select several document icons from the Finder and use the "Print..." option in the Finder's file menu -technically, any application that allows printing should allow this). PrJobMerge copies the results of the dialogs into all of the PrintRecs for the documents that were passed to it, so that the user's selections will be used for all of the documents.

Asm Routines Mimic Pascal Interface

PrOpenDoc is the procedure that is actually responsible for preparing the printing manager to accept printer instructions. What this routine actually does depends upon whether the user selected draft printing or not. In draft, all operations are sent to the printer without further ado. With standard or high quality printing, the pages are sent to disk first, and then are printed using the PrPicFile procedure.

PrOpenPage starts a new page. This is particularly important in non-draft printing, since what essentially happens is that Quickdraw draws the "page" as a picture, except that it stores it on disk instead of putting it in a bitmap in RAM. PrOpenPage is then the printing equivalent of the OpenPicture toolbox trap.

PrClosePage is the printing equivalent of ClosePicture. It lets Quickdraw know that this picture (page) is done.

PrCloseDoc lets the printing manager know that the document is finished. The primary purpose of this seems to be for non-draft printing. It removes the special routing of Quickdraw traps and allows Quickdraw to work with bitmaps again instead of the printer.

PrPicFile is the procedure that prints non-draft quality documents. It allows for background processing (which usually consists of popping up a dialog box pointing out that printing is taking place and can be cancelled by holding down the command and period keys, and, upon return from the printing manager, removing the dialog).

All of these assembly language routines are intended to look exactly like their PASCAL counterparts in setup. The rule is that whenever a PASCAL function or procedure is described, the assembly equivalent takes its parameters in the same order as the PASCAL routine (in other words, the first parameter to a PASCAL routine is the first thing pushed for the assembly routine). This code obeys that particular rule, as you will see upon examining the sample program "PrintExamp.Asm." In the meantime, here is the MacASM code that links you, the programmer, to the printing manager.

00010 ;SAVE "Print.Asm"
00020 PrOpen BSR DOPEN ;Open the printer 
driver
00030 BNE.S NOERR ;If an error occured, 
exit
00040 MOVEQ #00,ドルD1 ;Flag for open
00050 BRA.S GETNAME ;Get printer resource filename
00060 PrClose MOVEQ #01,ドルD1 ;Flag for close
00070 GETNAME SUBQ #04,ドルSP ;Make room for result
00080 MOVE.L #53545220,ドル-(SP) ;Resource type "STR "
00090 MOVE.W #$E000,-(SP) ;ID # $E000
00100 TBX GetResource ;Self-explanatory
00110 MOVE.L (SP)+,D0 ;Get handle
00120 BEQ.S NILHAND ;Error if handle = NIL
00130 MOVEA.L D0,A1 ;Put handle in A1
00140 SUBQ #02,ドルSP ;Make space for result
00150 BSET #0007,ドル(A1) ;Lock the master pointer
00160 MOVE.L (A1),-(SP) ;Move master pointer 
to stack
00170 TBX OpenResFile ;Open printer resource 
file
00180 MOVE.W (SP)+,D0 ;Get result
00190 BCLR #0007,ドル(A1) ;Unlock master pointer
00200 BSR.S ERRCHK ;Was there a problem?
00210 TST.W D1 ;OPEN or CLOSE call?
00220 BEQ.S NOERR ;If OPEN, we're done
00230 MOVE.W D0,-(SP) ;Else drop result 
back on stack
00240 TBX CloseResFile ;And close the printer 
res file
00250 ERRCHK MOVE.W 0ドルA60,0944ドル ;Move resource err to PrErr
00260 BEQ.S NOERR ;If there was no problem, 
return
00270 ADDQ.W #04,ドルSP ;Else drop return 
address
00280 NOERR RTS ;Return to caller
00290 NILHAND MOVE.W #$FF40,0944ドル ;Out of memory error
00300 RTS ;Return to caller
00310 PrintDefault MOVE.W #8000,ドルD1 ;Offset 0
00320 BRA.S OVL4 ;Execute overlay code
00330 PrStlDialog MOVE.W #8004,ドルD1 ;Offset 4
00340 BRA.S OVL4 ;Execute overlay code
00350 PrJobDialog MOVE.W #8008,ドルD1 ;Offset 8
00360 BRA.S OVL4 ;Execute overlay code
00370 PrValidate MOVE.W #8018,ドルD1 ;Offset 18ドル
00380 BRA.S OVL4 ;Execute overlay code
00390 PrJobMerge MOVE.W #801ドルC,D1 ;Offset 1ドルC
00400 BRA.S OVL4 ;Execute overlay code
00410 PrOpenDoc MOVEA.L 000ドルC(SP),A0 ;Get handle to print 
record
00420 MOVEA.L (A0),A0 ;Dereference handle
00430 MOVEQ #03,ドルD0 ;Mask for all possible 
ptypes
00440 AND.B 0044ドル(A0),D0 ;Which bit in record is 
set?
00450 MOVEQ #$FFFFFFFC,D1 ;All bits but lowest 2
00460 AND.B D1,0946ドル ;Mask off lowest 2 
bits
00470 OR.B D0,0946ドル ;Set correct ptype 
bit
00480 MOVEQ #00,ドルD1 ;Offset 0
00490 BRA.S OVL3 ;Adjust for proper 
overlay
00500 PrCloseDoc MOVE.W #8004,ドルD1 ;Offset 4
00510 BRA.S OVL3 ;Adjust for proper 
overlay
00520 PrOpenPage MOVEQ #08,ドルD1 ;Offset 8
00530 BRA.S OVL3 ;Adjust for proper 
overlay
00540 PrClosePage MOVEQ #0ドルC,D1 ;Offset $C
00550 BRA.S OVL3 ;Adjust for proper 
overlay
00560 PrPicFile MOVEQ #00,ドルD1 ;Offset 0
00570 MOVEQ #05,ドルD0 ;Overlay 5
00580 BRA.S EXECOVL ;Execute overlay code
00590 OVL4 MOVEQ #04,ドルD0 ;Overlay 4
00600 BRA.S EXECOVL ;Execute overlay code
00610 OVL3 MOVEQ #03,ドルD0 ;Mask for overlay 
bit
00620 AND.B 0946,ドルD0 ;Mask off all but 
correct bit
00630 EXECOVL LEA SAVEREGS(PC),A0 ;Register save area
00640 MOVEM.L D4/A3/A4,(A0) ;Save pertinent registers
00650 MOVE.L D1,D4 ;Copy offset
00660 MOVEA.L (SP)+,A3 ;Get return address
00670 LEA SAVESTK(PC),A0 ;Point to stack save area
00680 MOVE.L SP,(A0) ;Save current stack 
address
00690 SUBQ.L #04,ドルSP ;Make room for result
00700 MOVE.L #50444546,ドル-(SP) ;"PDEF" type resource
00710 MOVE.W D0,-(SP) ;Which overlay?
00720 TBX GetResource ;Get that overlay
00730 MOVE.L (SP)+,D0 ;Handle to overlay
00740 BEQ.S OVLERR ;If no handle, overlay 
error
00750 MOVEA.L D0,A4 ;Put handle in address 
reg 4
00760 BSET #0007,ドル(A4) ;Lock master pointer
00770 MOVEA.L (A4),A0 ;Get master pointer 
in A0
00780 MOVEQ #00,ドルD0 ;Zero out D0
00790 MOVE.B D4,D0 ;Move offset to D0
00800 ADDA.L D0,A0 ;Add offset to master 
pointer
00810 MOVE.L A0,-(SP) ;Put result on stack
00820 CLR.B (SP) ;Zero out first byte's 
garbage
00830 MOVEA.L (SP)+,A0 ;Get real address 
in A0
00840 JSR (A0) ;Execute overlay code
00850 TST.W D4 ;Check out D4
00860 BPL.S NOUNLOCK ;Go if no unlock needed
00870 BCLR #0007,ドル(A4) ;Else unlock master 
pointer
00880 NOUNLOCK MOVEA.L A3,A1 ;Return address to 
A1
00890 LEA SAVEREGS(PC),A0 ;Point to register save 
area
00900 MOVEM.L (A0),D4/A3/A4 ;Get regs contents 
back
00910 JMP (A1) ;And return to caller
00920 OVLERR MOVE.W #$FF40,0944ドル ;Put error code in PrintVars
00930 MOVEA.L SAVESTK(PC),SP ;Get pristine stack back
00940 BRA.S NOUNLOCK ;Back to calling program
00950 SAVEREGS DEFS 12 ;12 bytes for registers
00960 SAVESTK DEFS 4 ;4 bytes for the stack 
pointer
00970 DOPEN MOVEQ #18,ドルD0 ;Clear 19ドル words on 
stack
00980 CLEAR CLR.W -(SP)
00990 DBRA D0,CLEAR
01000 LEA DVRNAME(PC),A0 ;Pointer to driver name
01010 MOVE.L A0,0012ドル(SP) ;Place in data structure
01020 MOVEA.L SP,A0 ;Point to beginning 
of data
01030 OST Open ;Open the driver
01040 CLEANUP ADDA.W #32,ドルSP ;Remove data from 
stack
01050 MOVE.W D0,0944ドル ;Save result in PrintVars
01060 RTS ;And return to caller
01070 DCLOSE SUBA.W #32,ドルSP ;Make room for data 
structure
01080 MOVEA.L SP,A0 ;Point to data structure
01090 MOVE.W #$FFFD,0018ドル(A0) ;Move reference number to 
data
01100 OST Close ;Close the driver
01110 BRA.S CLEANUP ;Clean up stack and return
01120 DVRNAME STR ".Print" ;Name of printer driver
01130 ADJST

The printing manager interface listed above took a lot of reading about memory management, device driver management, and the printing manager to work out. You may notice that the only low level operations performed are opening and closing the printer driver (and some of you may be wondering why I tossed in the printer driver close). I have found no use for the low level printer driver routines, so I didn't include them. Feel free to add them if you wish.

I added the printer driver close because I'm kind of a neatnik when it comes to what I leave lying around in my code. If I need to open the driver, then I prefer to close it when I am through with it. Since PrClose does not close the driver (it only closes the printer resource file, in accordance with IM), I added DCLOSE out of my own sense of propriety.

Apple's Printing Example

Now that you can see how to get from the description of the PASCAL routines to the assembly language equivalent, how do you use these routines? Answering that question is the purpose of the next program, "PrintExamp.Asm."

"PrintExamp.Asm" is simply the MacASM version of the "TestPrint.Asm" source code that was included with MDS. THIS CODE IS ORIGINAL ONLY INASMUCH AS I REWROTE IT FOR MACASM! (Program starts on the next page.)

Print Example in Assembly

The PrintExamp program teaches us several things about the interface to the printing manager. First, it succeeds at working exactly like PASCAL routines (the first parameters listed are the first ones on the stack). Second, it is self-contained (you need not define any globals or what have you for the interface per se ). Third, it works.

Most importantly, PrintExamp shows how to determine how much Quickdraw material will fit on a page. Examine lines 590-690 of PrintExamp closely. This code calculates the pertinent info about the size of the page by using the GetFontInfo toolbox trap (plus a little simple mathematics). If you are dealing with graphics objects other than fonts, the pertinent information to remember is that there are 72 dots per inch both on the Macintosh screen and on the printer (which is how the coordinates for a 5" by 5" oval become 0,0,5*72,5*72).

The major data structure associated with the printing manager routines is the PrintRec. For the most part, all you have to worry about is allocating it and keeping track of the handle (see PrintExamp.Asm and IM for more information).

Your application's file menu should ideally have both "Page Setup..." and "Print..." options. "Page Setup..." is associated with the PrStlDialog. "Print..." is associated with the PrJobDialog, and then with the routines necessary to actually do the printing.

Your application should also check the Finder info block upon startup to see if it needs to print more than one document. If it does, it should use PrJobMerge to apply the results of the dialogs to all documents in the batch.

Well, that wraps up my coverage of the printing manager! If you have any further questions, please drop me a line c/o MacTutor. Enjoy!

00010 ;SAVE "PrintExamp.Asm"
00020 LIST OFF
00030 *--------------------------------
00040 ; Macintosh printing manager example program
00050 ; Copyright (c) 1985 MacTutor
00060 *--------------------------------
00070 ; Example source code translated from MDS format by Paul F. Snively
00080 *--------------------------------
00090 ; "Print.Asm" include file (interface to printing manager) written 
by 
00100 ; Paul F. Snively
00110 *--------------------------------
00120 charCount EQU 120 ;Characters to print 
per line 
00130 countAndLen EQU charCount+2 ;charCount and length byte 
00140 monaco EQU 4 ;Monaco is font # 
4
00150 ascent EQU 0 ;Offset into font 
info record
00160 descent EQU 2 ;ditto
00170 leading EQU 6 ;ditto
00180 prInfo EQU 2 ;Offset into printer 
info rec
00190 rPage EQU 6 ;ditto
00200 bottom EQU 4 ;Offset into rect 
structure
00210 iPrintSize EQU 120 ;Print Record size
00220 iPrStatSize EQU 26 ;Size of printer status 
record 00230 *--------------------------------
00240 INCLUDE "Library.Asm"
00250 *--------------------------------
00260 GLOBAL L+iPrStatSize,$CE
00270 DEFV L,hPrintRec
00280 DEFV iPrStatSize,prStatus
00290 ENDG
00300 *--------------------------------
00310 TFILE "Buffer.Bin" ;Target file for assembly
00320 RFILE "PrintExamp",APPL,PRTX,2000ドル ;Resource file
00330 *--------------------------------
00340 SEG 1,52
00350 *--------------------------------
00360 Start BSR InitManagers ;Initialize managers
00370 BSR PrOpen ;Open print manager
00380 BRA EventLoop ;Go start event loop
00390 *--------------------------------
00400 InitManagers PEA -4(A5) ;Standard init sequence
00410 TBX InitGraf ;Init Quickdraw
00420 TBX InitFonts ;Init Font manager
00430 MOVE.L #0000ドルFFFF,D0 ;Flush all events
00440 TBX FlushEvents
00450 TBX InitWindows ;Init Window manager
00460 TBX InitMenus ;Init Menu manager
00470 CLR.L -(SP) ;No restart procedure
00480 TBX InitDialogs ;Init Dialog manager
00490 TBX TEInit ;Init Text Edit
00500 TBX InitCursor ;Turn on arrow cursor
00510 RTS
00520 *--------------------------------
00530 MyDrawPage MOVEM.L D3-D6/A3-A4,-(SP) ;Save registers
00540 PEA tRect(PC) ;Push tRect
00550 TBX FrameOval ;Draw a 5" by 5" oval
00560 MOVE #monaco,-(SP) ;Push monaco font #
00570 TBX TextFont ;Set font (default 
size)
00580 ;Get font info to determine line spacing
00590 LINK A6,#-8 ;Make room for fontInfo
00600 MOVE.L SP,A4 ;A4 points to fontInfo
00610 MOVE.L A4,-(SP) ;Push pointer to fontInfo
00620 TBX GetFontInfo ;Get the fontInfo 
record
00630 MOVE ascent(A4),D4 ;Calculate line height
00640 ADD descent(A4),D4
00650 ADD leading(A4),D4 ;D4 has line height
00660 MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),A0 ;Point to print record
00670 MOVE.L (A0),A0 ;dereference handle
00680 MOVE prInfo+rPage+bottom(A0),D6 ;Get page bottom 
coord.
00690 SUB descent(A4),D6 ;Adjust for font descent
00700 *--------------------------------
00710 ;Print a page of characters.
00720 ;
00730 ;A3 points to the print string
00740 ;
00750 ;D3 has current line position
00760 ;D4 has vertical distance between lines
00770 ;D5 has current line number
00780 ;D6 has bottom (vertical) coordinate of page
00790 ;
00800 MOVE #1,D5 ;Set initial line 
no.
00810 MOVE D4,D3 ;Set initial line 
position
00820 LINK A6,#-countAndLen ;Space for char string
00830 MOVE.L SP,A3 ;A3 points to string
00840 MOVE.B #charCount,(A3) ;Set length byte
00850 ;Fill print string with characters.
00860 MOVE #20,ドルD0 ;ASCII value for space
00870 MOVE #charCount-1,D1 ;Count-1
00880 MOVE.L A3,A0 ;Point to string
00890 ADDQ #1,A0 ;Bump past length 
byte
00900 .1 MOVE.B D0,(A0)+ ;Fill in string
00910 ADDQ #1,D0 ;Next char
00920 DBRA D1,.1 ;Loop until done
00930 Ploop MOVE #0,-(SP) ;MoveTo start of line
00940 MOVE D3,-(SP)
00950 TBX MoveTo
00960 MOVE.L A3,-(SP) ;Draw string
00970 TBX DrawString
00980 MOVE #charCount-1,D1 ;Count-1
00990 MOVE.L A3,A0 ;Point to string
01000 ADDQ #1,A0 ;Bump past length 
byte
01010 .1 ADD.B #1,(A0)+ ;Increment each byte
01020 DBRA D1,.1 ;Loop until done
01030 ADD #1,D5 ;Bump current line 
no.
01040 ADD D4,D3 ;Bump line position
01050 CMP D6,D3 ;Past end of page?
01060 BLE Ploop ;No, loop until done.
01070 UNLK A6 ;Reclaim stack space
01080 UNLK A6 ;(for two LINKs)
01090 MOVEM.L (SP)+,D3-D6/A3-A4 ;Restore registers
01100 RTS
01110 *--------------------------------
01120 EventLoop NOP ;MAIN PROGRAM
01130 Init MOVE.L #iPrintSize,D0 ;Allocate print record
01140 OST NewHandle
01150 MOVE.L A0,hPrintRec(A5) ;Save handle in hPrintRec
01160 MOVE.L A0,-(SP) ;Push it
01170 BSR PrintDefault ;Call PrintDefault
01180 *--------------------------------
01190 Style SUBQ #2,SP ;Space for function 
result
01200 MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),-(SP) ;Push hPrintRec
01210 BSR PrStlDialog ;Call PrStlDialog
01220 MOVE.B (SP)+,D0 ;Pop result
01230 *--------------------------------
01240 Job SUBQ #2,SP ;Space for function 
result
01250 MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),-(SP) ;Push hPrintRec
01260 BSR PrJobDialog ;Call PrJobDialog
01270 MOVE.B (SP)+,D0 ;Pop result
01280 BEQ PrintDone ;Exit to Finder if 
cancel
01290 *--------------------------------
01300 Spool SUBQ #4,SP ;Space for result
01310 MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),-(SP) ;Push hPrintRec
01320 CLR.L -(SP) ;NIL pPrPort
01330 CLR.L -(SP) ;NIL pIOBuf
01340 BSR PrOpenDoc ;Call PrOpenDoc
01350 MOVE.L (SP)+,A4 ;Get pPrPort in A4
01360 *--------------------------------
01370 ;Start of page
01380 MOVE.L A4,-(SP) ;Push pPrPort
01390 CLR.L -(SP) ;NIL pPageFrame
01400 BSR PrOpenPage ;Call PrOpenPage
01410 *--------------------------------
01420 ;Draw page here
01430 BSR MyDrawPage
01440 *--------------------------------
01450 ;End of page
01460 MOVE.L A4,-(SP) ;Push pPrPort
01470 BSR PrClosePage ;Call PrClosePage
01480 *--------------------------------
01490 ;End of document
01500 MOVE.L A4,-(SP) ;Push pPrPort
01510 BSR PrCloseDoc ;Call PrCloseDoc
01520 *--------------------------------
01530 Print MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),-(SP) ;hPrintRec
01540 CLR.L -(SP) ;pPrPort
01550 CLR.L -(SP) ;pIOBuf
01560 CLR.L -(SP) ;pDevBuf
01570 PEA prStatus(A5) ;prStatus
01580 BSR PrPicFile ;Call PrPicFile
01590 MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),A0 ;Get printRec handle
01600 OST DisposHandle ;Dispose it
01610 BRA EventLoop ;Go start over
01620 PrintDone BSR PrClose ;Done. Close print 
manager 
01630 RTS ;then exit to Finder
01640 *--------------------------------
01650 ;Data constants
01660 tRect DATA /0 ;top
01670 DATA /0 ;left
01680 DATA /5*72 ;bottom
01690 DATA /5*72 ;right
01700 *--------------------------------
01710 INCLUDE "Print.Asm"
01720 *--------------------------------
01730 ENDR
01750 SEG 0,32,VAR.LEN,20ドル
01770 SEG0
01780 SEG_1 JP Start,1
01790 END_1
01800 END0
01810 ENDR
01830 END

MacAsm to MDS Syntax
MDS users may find the non-standard syntax of the Mac Asm source code a bit confusing. 
Here is a short table of some of the differences found in the code in this article. 
 ADJST: Adjust boundary (.ALIGN)
 ASC: String definition (DC)
 DATA: Data definition (DC)
 DEFS: Define Storage (DCB)
 ENDM: End macro def. (|, .ENDM)
 ENDR: End resource def. 
 RSRC: Start resource def.
 GLOBAL: Storage (A5) as in (DS)
 TBX: Trap Macro ( _Open)
 OST: OS Macro (_Open)
 STR: String with length (DC)