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Zhengyu Liu, Jue Kou, Xiaosong Guo, Wei Liu, Chunbao Sun, Anlin Shao, and Chang Liu, Low-toxicity non-cyanide recovering high-sulfur refractory gold ore by microwave roasting self-leaching process: Response surface optimization and mechanism study, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-025-3105-y
Zhengyu Liu, Jue Kou, Xiaosong Guo, Wei Liu, Chunbao Sun, Anlin Shao, and Chang Liu, Low-toxicity non-cyanide recovering high-sulfur refractory gold ore by microwave roasting self-leaching process: Response surface optimization and mechanism study, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-025-3105-y
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Low-toxicity non-cyanide recovering high-sulfur refractory gold ore by microwave roasting self-leaching process: Response surface optimization and mechanism study

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Abstract: The microwave roasting self-leaching process represents an innovative method for recovering gold from high sulfur refractory gold concentrates, without deadly toxic cyanide reagent. However, the mechanism of gold self-leaching, which relies on lixiviant prepared using volatilized sulfur from roasting, has not been fully elucidated. This study employs response surface methodology to optimize the processing parameters, achieving an increased gold extraction rate of 96.17%. Analytical factorization and Tafel curve indicate that CuSO4 and NH3∙H2O significantly influence the self-leaching process. XPS analysis reveals that S2−, S22−, polysulfides (Sn2−), sulfur ions, and thiosulfate (S2O32−) are involved in the gold leaching reaction, with S22− and Sn2− serving as the primary ligands for gold complexation. However, the role of S2O32− in the early stages of the gold-leaching reaction is also noteworthy. The copper-ammonia complex catalyzes the self-leaching gold reaction, but an improper addition ratio can lead to the copper-sulfur compound precipitates reducing the extraction rate.

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