Advanced Systems Format
| Advanced Systems Format | |
|---|---|
| This image illustrates the computer icons that Windows Vista displays for Advanced Systems Format, depending on the file name extension. From left to right, the icons correspond to .asf, .wma, and .wmv files. | |
| Filename extension |
.asf .wma .wmv |
| Internet media type |
video/x-ms-asf, application/vnd.ms-asf[1] |
| Type code | 'ASF_' |
| Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) | com.microsoft.advanced-systems-format |
| Magic number | 30 26 B2 75 8E 66 CF 11 A6 D9 00 AA 00 62 CE 6C[2] |
| Developed by | Microsoft |
| Initial release | Proprietary: 16 September 1996; 29 years ago (1996年09月16日)[3] [4] Public: 26 February 1998; 27 years ago (1998年02月26日)[5] |
| Latest release | 01.20.03 December 2004; 20 years ago (2004-12) |
| Type of format | Container format |
| Container for | Windows Media Audio, Windows Media Video, VC-1 |
| Open format? | Yes |
| Free format? | No[6] |
Advanced Systems Format (formerly Advanced Streaming Format, Active Streaming Format) is Microsoft's proprietary digital audio/digital video container format, especially meant for streaming media. ASF is part of the Media Foundation framework.
Overview and features
[edit ]ASF is based on serialized objects which are essentially byte sequences identified by a GUID marker.
The format does not specify how (i.e. with which codec) the video or audio should be encoded; it just specifies the structure of the video/audio stream. This is similar to the function performed by the QuickTime File Format, AVI, or Ogg formats. One of the objectives of ASF was to support playback from digital media servers, HTTP servers, and local storage devices such as hard disk drives.
The most common media contained within an ASF file are Windows Media Audio (WMA) and Windows Media Video (WMV). The most common file extensions for ASF files are extension .WMA (audio-only files using Windows Media Audio, with MIME-type audio/x-ms-wma) and .WMV (files containing video, using the Windows Media Audio and Video codecs, with MIME-type video/x-ms-asf). These files are identical to the old .ASF files but for their extension and MIME-type. The different extensions are used to make it easier to identify the content of a media file.[7]
ASF files can also contain objects representing metadata, such as the artist, title, album and genre for an audio track, or the director of a video track, much like the ID3 tags of MP3 files. It supports scalable media types and stream prioritization; as such, it is a format optimized for streaming.
The ASF container provides the framework for digital rights management in Windows Media Audio and Windows Media Video. An analysis of an older scheme used in WMA reveals that it is using a combination of elliptic curve cryptography key exchange, DES block cipher, a custom block cipher, RC4 stream cipher and the SHA-1 hashing function.
ASF container-based media are sometimes still streamed on the internet either through the MMS protocol or the RTSP protocol. Mostly, however, they contain material encoded for 'progressive download', which can be distributed by any webserver and then offers the same advantages as streaming: the file starts playing as soon as a minimum number of bytes is received and the rest of the download continues in the background while one is watching or listening.
The Library of Congress Digital Preservation project considers ASF to be the de facto successor of RIFF.[2] In 2010 Google picked RIFF as the container format for WebP.
License
[edit ]The specification is downloadable from the Microsoft website,[8] and the format can be implemented under a license from Microsoft that however does not allow distribution of sources and is not compatible with open source licenses. The author of the free software project VirtualDub reported that a Microsoft employee informed him that his software violated a Microsoft patent regarding ASF playback.[9]
Certain error-correcting techniques related to ASF were patented in the United States (United States Patent 6,041,345 Levi, et al. March 21, 2000) by Microsoft until August 10, 2019.
See also
[edit ]References
[edit ]- ^ Microsoft (1997). "Registration of MIME media type application/vnd.ms-asf". iana.org. IANA.
- ^ a b "ASF (Advanced Systems Format)". Digital Preservation. Library of Congress. 2014年02月04日. Retrieved 2014年03月12日.
- ^ "Advanced Streaming Format". Tech Insider. Retrieved 2021年12月13日.
- ^ "Microsoft Introduces NetShow, A Platform for Delivering Multimedia Content Over Intranets". Microsoft Stories. 1996年09月16日. Retrieved 2021年12月13日.
- ^ Fleischman, Eric (26 February 1998). Advanced Streaming Format (ASF) Specification. Internet Engineering Task Force. I-D draft-fleischman-asf-01. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
- ^ ASF (Advanced Systems Format) (Full draft). Sustainability of Digital Formats. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 6 April 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ "The Difference Between ASF and WMV/WMA Files".
- ^ "ASF Specification Download".
- ^ Advogato: Microsoft patents ASF media file format, stops reverse engineering, archived from the original on 2017年06月28日, retrieved 2019年03月11日
External links
[edit ]- An Overview of Advanced Systems Format
- Overview of the ASF Format
- Library of Congress analysis of ASF format sustainability
- ASF Container Format - v2.0 (free available but unused) and v1.0 (reconstructed)
- MSDN How To Embed Windows Media Player in a HTML Web Page (For Webmasters)
- Creating A Windows Media Custom Experience (For Webmasters)