White Paper on Attorneys 2010

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Part 1
Current Situation of Attorneys and Other Legal Professions

Chapter 1 Current Situation of Attorneys

I.	Population of Attorneys	.	1
1. Changes in the Number of Attorneys -1950 to 2010-	.	1
2. The Number of People per Attorney	.	2
II.	The Number of Civil and Family Cases per Attorney	.	3
III.	Working Hours and Incomes	.	4
1. Working Hours of Attorneys (Average per Week)	.	4
2. Income of Attorneys (Income based on Final Return Forms of March 2010)	.	4

Chapter 2 Populations of Legal Professionals in Foreign Countries

I.	Comparison of the Total Number of Lawyers, Judges, and Public Prosecutors with those of Foreign Countries	.	5
1. The Number of People per Lawyer (Cross-country Comparison)	.	5
2. The Number of People per Judge (Cross-country Comparison)	.	6
3. The Number of People per Public Prosecutor (Cross-country Comparison)	.	7
4. The Number of People per Legal Professional (Cross-country Comparison)	.	8

Chapter 3 Current Situation of Gaikokuho-jimu-bengoshi ("Registered Foreign Lawyers")

I.	Changes in the Number of Gaikokuho-jimu-bengoshi	.	11
II.	Registration of Gaikokuho Jimu Bengoshi (Registered Foreign Lawyers)	.	12
III.	Foreign Law Joint Enterprises	.	13
IV.	The Number of Foreign Lawyers Employed by Attorneys and Legal Professional Corporations	.	15
1. By Nationality	.	15
2. By Home Jurisdiction	.	16
V.	World Law Firms and Their Entry into the Japanese Market	.	17

Chapter 4 Mergers of Law Offices and the Current Situation of Legal Professional Corporations

I.	The Number of Attorneys in Law Offices	.	18
II.	Current Situation of Legal Professional Corporations	.	20
1. Number of LPCs	.	20
2. Size of Legal Professional Corporations	.	21

Chapter 5 Populations of Other Legal Professions

I.	Changes in Populations of Other Legal Professions	.	22

Part 2
Activities of Attorneys

Chapter 1 Criminal Advocacy Activities

Section 1 Activities of Court-Appointed Attorneys		.	23
I.	Court-Appointed Attorney System, Court-Appointed Attorney Contracts, and the Number of Defendants with Court-Appointed Attorneys	.	23
II.	Changes in the Percentage of Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Indictment) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at District Courts	.	24
III.	Changes in the Percentage of Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Indictment) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at Summary Courts	.	25
IV.	Changes in the Percentage of Defendants Retaining Criminal Defense Counsel (after Indictment) (Court-Appointed and Privately Retained) at High Courts	.	26
Section 2. Activities of Duty Attorneys (Toban Bengoshi)		.	27
I.	Duty Attorney System	.	27
II.	Changes in the Number of Duty Attorney Accepted Cases, Appointed Cases, and Criminal Suspect Defense Aid Cases	.	28
Section 3. Defense Activities in Juvenile Cases		.	29
I.	Changes in the Number of Juvenile Probation Cases (at Family Courts) and the Presence of Attendants	.	29

Chapter 2 Representation in Civil and Other Lawsuits

Section 1 Civil and Commercial Lawsuits		.	30
I.	Attorneys' Involvement in Ordinary Civil Lawsuits before District Courts	.	30
II.	Changes in the Percentage of Appointed Attorneys in Ordinary Second Instances (before High Courts)	.	31
III.	Percentage of Attorneys' Involvement in Ordinary Civil Lawsuits before Summary Courts	.	32

Chapter 3 Expansion of Attorneys' Activities

I.	Current Situation of In-house Attorneys	.	33
1. Changes in the Number of In-house Attorneys	.	33
2. Public Officers with Fixed Terms	.	34
3. Diet Member and Head of Local Governments Registered as Attorney	.	34
II.	Working Conditions for In-house Attorneys	.	35
1. Annual Incomes of In-house Attorneys	.	35
2. Salary Systems for Attorneys	.	35
3. Bar Membership Dues	.	35
III.	Appointment of Attorneys as Judges and Public Prosecutors	.	36
1. Attorneys as Full-Time Judges	.	36
2. Attorneys as Part-Time Judges	.	36
IV.	Activities of Attorneys in Local Governments	.	37
1. Employment of Staff Members with Attorney Qualifications	.	37
(1) Current Employment of Persons with Attorney Qualifications	.	37
(2) Future Employment Plans	.	37
(3) Obstacles in Employing Attorneys (multiple answers allowed)	.	37
2. Legal Advisory Attorneys	.	38
(1) Retaining Legal Advisory Attorneys	.	38

Part 3
Activities of the JFBA and Local Bar Associations

Chapter 1 The JFBA's Activities involving Human Rights Relief

I.	Appeal System Procedures for Human Rights Relief	.	39
II.	The Number of Human Rights Relief Cases (by Category)	.	41

Chapter 2 International Activities of the JFBA

Section 1 International Human Rights Activities		.	43
I.	Activities at the United Nations (UN)	.	43
II.	Reports to UN Human Rights Bodies	.	43
III.	Activities related to the Universal Periodic Review (UPR)	.	44
Section 2 International Exchange Activities		.	44
I.	Membership of International Organizations	.	44
II.	MOUs with Overseas Bar Organizations	.	44
Section 3. International Cooperation		.	46
I.	JICA Long-Term Experts	.	46
II.	Past and Current JFBA Assistance Projects for Bar Associations in Developing Countries (by Country)	.	48
Section 4. Overseas Visiting Fellow Program and Support for Working in International Organizations		.	49
I.	JFBA Overseas Visiting Fellow Program	.	49
II.	Support for JFBA Members Interested in Working in International Organizations	.	52
III.	Other Support	.	52

Chapter 3 Autonomy of Attorneys

Section 1 Complaints and Dispute Conciliations		.	53
I.	Complaints against Attorneys	.	53
II.	Dispute Conciliation	.	54
1. Number of Dispute Conciliation Cases Newly Received	.	54
2. Handling of Dispute Conciliation Cases (All Bar Associations) – 2000 to 2009 –	.	55
Section 2 Disciplinary System for Attorneys		.	56
I.	Summary of the Disciplinary System for Attorneys	.	56
1. Request for Discipline	.	56
2. Investigation by Disciplinary Enforcement Committee	.	56
3. Examination by Disciplinary Actions Committee	.	56
4. Filing of an Objection, etc.	.	57
5. Public Notice by the Official Gazette, etc.	.	57
II.	Operation of the Disciplinary System	.	58
1. Cases Handled by Disciplinary Enforcement Committees of Bar Associations and the JFBA	.	58
(1) Bar Associations	.	58
(2) JFBA	.	58
2. Processing Cases at Disciplinary Actions Committees of Bar Associations and the JFBA	.	59
(1) Bar Associations	.	59
(2) JFBA	.	59
(i) Objections	.	59
(ii) Appeals	.	59
3. Processing Cases at the JFBA Board of Discipline Review	.	60
Section 3. Disciplinary Actions and Disciplinary Procedure		.	61
I.	Statistics Regarding Disciplinary Actions	.	61
1. Changes in the Number of Newly Accepted Requests for Disciplinary Actions (All Bar Associations) – 1993 to 2009 –	.	61
2. Number of Requests for Disciplinary Action and Details of Handling the Requests (All Bar Associations)	.	62
3. Percentage of Disciplinary Actions (All Bar Associations)	.	63
(1) Percentage of Cases with Disciplinary Actions out of All Requests for Disciplinary Actions	.	63
(2) Change in Percentage of Members with Disciplinary Actions	.	63
II.	The Flow and Current Situation of Disciplinary Procedure	.	64
1. The Disciplinary System	.	64

White Paper on Attorneys 2010

Contents