Delmar's Standard Textbook Of Electricity
Delmar's Standard Textbook Of Electricity
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337900348
Author: Stephen L. Herman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Transcribed Image Text:Table 15 Voltage Theory Measured Deviation VA VB Vc V1 Table 16 Current Theory Measured Deviation R1 R2 R Re Table 17 Voltage Theory Measured Deviation VA Vo VAB 1. In Figure 13, if another pair of resistors was added across R6, would Vo go up, down, or stay the same? Why? 2. In Figure 13, if R4 was accidentally opened would this change the potentials at B, C and D? Why or why not? 3. If the DMM leads are reversed in Step 5, what happens to the measurements in Table 17? 4. Suppose that R3 and R4 are accidentally swapped in Figure 14. What is the new VAB?
[画像:Ladders and Bridges Objective The objective of this exercise is to continue the exploration of basic series-parallel DC circuits. The basic ladder network and bridge are examined. A key element here is the concept of loading, that is, the effect that a sub-circuit may have on a neighboring sub- circuit. Theory Overview Series DC Equipment DC Voltage sources (5V and 3.3V) (1) Digital multimeter (1) 330 Ω model: model: srn: srn: (2) 1.0 ΚΩ (1) 2.0 ΚΩ (1) 5.1 ΚΩ (1) 10 ΚΩ B www w ww R1 R3 R5 R2 Procedure 1. Consider the circuit of Figure 13. R5 and R6 form a simple series connection. Together, they are in parallel with R4. Therefore, the voltage across R4 must be the same as the sum of the voltages across R5 and R6. Similarly, the current entering node C from R3 must equal the sum of the currents flowing through R4 and R5. This three- resistor combination is in series with R3 in much the same manner than R6 is in series with R5. These four resistors are in parallel with R2, and finally, these five resistors are in series with R1. Note that to find the voltage at node B the voltage divider rule may be used, however, it is important to note that VDR cannot be used in terms of R1 versus R2. Instead, R1 reacts against the entire series-parallel combination of R2 through R6. Similarly, R3 reacts against the combination of R4, R5 and R6. That is to say R5 and R6 load R4, and R3 through R6 load R2. Because of this process note that Vo must be less than Vc, which must be less than Va, which must be less than VA. Thus, the circuit may be viewed as a sequence of loaded voltage dividers. = 2. Construct the circuit of Figure 13 using R1 330 Q, R2 = 1 ko, R3 = 1.0 k2, R4 = 2.0 kQ, R5 5.1 kQ,R6 = 10 k and E = 5 volts. Based on the observations of Step 1, determine the theoretical voltages at nodes A, B, C and D, and record them in Table 14. Measure the potentials with a DMM, compute the deviations and record the results in Table 15. 3. Based on the theoretical voltages found in Table 15, determine the currents through R1, R2, R4 and R6. Record these values in Table 16. Measure the currents with a DMM, compute the percent deviations and record the results in Table 16. 4. Consider the circuit of Figure 14. In this bridge network, the voltage of interest is VA. This may be directly computed from VA- Vs. Assemble the circuit using R1 = 1 kg, R2 = 5.1 km, R3 = 5.1 k2, R4 = 10.0 k2 and E = 5 volts. Determine the theoretical values for VA, Ve and VAB and record them in Table 17. Note that the voltage divider rule is very effective here as the R1 R2 branch and the R3 R4 branch are in parallel and therefore both "see" the source voltage. 5. Use the DMM to measure the potentials at A and B with respect to ground, the red lead going to the point of interest and the black lead going to ground. To measure the voltage from A to B, the red lead is connected to point A while the black is connected to point B. Record these potentials in Table 17. Determine the percent deviations and record these in Table 17. Figure 13 R1 B]
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Transcribed Image Text:Ladders and Bridges Objective The objective of this exercise is to continue the exploration of basic series-parallel DC circuits. The basic ladder network and bridge are examined. A key element here is the concept of loading, that is, the effect that a sub-circuit may have on a neighboring sub- circuit. Theory Overview Series DC Equipment DC Voltage sources (5V and 3.3V) (1) Digital multimeter (1) 330 Ω model: model: srn: srn: (2) 1.0 ΚΩ (1) 2.0 ΚΩ (1) 5.1 ΚΩ (1) 10 ΚΩ B www w ww R1 R3 R5 R2 Procedure 1. Consider the circuit of Figure 13. R5 and R6 form a simple series connection. Together, they are in parallel with R4. Therefore, the voltage across R4 must be the same as the sum of the voltages across R5 and R6. Similarly, the current entering node C from R3 must equal the sum of the currents flowing through R4 and R5. This three- resistor combination is in series with R3 in much the same manner than R6 is in series with R5. These four resistors are in parallel with R2, and finally, these five resistors are in series with R1. Note that to find the voltage at node B the voltage divider rule may be used, however, it is important to note that VDR cannot be used in terms of R1 versus R2. Instead, R1 reacts against the entire series-parallel combination of R2 through R6. Similarly, R3 reacts against the combination of R4, R5 and R6. That is to say R5 and R6 load R4, and R3 through R6 load R2. Because of this process note that Vo must be less than Vc, which must be less than Va, which must be less than VA. Thus, the circuit may be viewed as a sequence of loaded voltage dividers. = 2. Construct the circuit of Figure 13 using R1 330 Q, R2 = 1 ko, R3 = 1.0 k2, R4 = 2.0 kQ, R5 5.1 kQ,R6 = 10 k and E = 5 volts. Based on the observations of Step 1, determine the theoretical voltages at nodes A, B, C and D, and record them in Table 14. Measure the potentials with a DMM, compute the deviations and record the results in Table 15. 3. Based on the theoretical voltages found in Table 15, determine the currents through R1, R2, R4 and R6. Record these values in Table 16. Measure the currents with a DMM, compute the percent deviations and record the results in Table 16. 4. Consider the circuit of Figure 14. In this bridge network, the voltage of interest is VA. This may be directly computed from VA- Vs. Assemble the circuit using R1 = 1 kg, R2 = 5.1 km, R3 = 5.1 k2, R4 = 10.0 k2 and E = 5 volts. Determine the theoretical values for VA, Ve and VAB and record them in Table 17. Note that the voltage divider rule is very effective here as the R1 R2 branch and the R3 R4 branch are in parallel and therefore both "see" the source voltage. 5. Use the DMM to measure the potentials at A and B with respect to ground, the red lead going to the point of interest and the black lead going to ground. To measure the voltage from A to B, the red lead is connected to point A while the black is connected to point B. Record these potentials in Table 17. Determine the percent deviations and record these in Table 17. Figure 13 R1 B
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