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Modeling the significance of green management practices on food waste reduction intention among small restaurants

  • Original Article
  • Published:

Abstract

Research on food waste away from home, particularly its quantification and environmental impact, has been extensive. However, studies focusing on the willingness of small restaurants to reduce food waste are scarce. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining the impact of green management practices on food waste reduction intentions among small restaurants. Cross-sectional data (N = 802) were collected from small restaurants in various regions of China, using judgment sampling. An integrated approach of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA) was employed for data analysis. The results supported all the hypotheses, indicating a significant relationship between various green management practices, including green food procurement, green menu planning and cooking, green packaging for take-out, green cleaning and post-treatment, green kitchen and dining environments, and green management policy and food waste reduction intention. The implications of this study are essential for the owners and managers of small restaurants to improve their environmental performance and reduce food waste. This study suggests that embracing and implementing green management practices significantly impacts food waste reduction intention. The novelty of this study lies in its exploration of green management practices specifically tailored to small restaurants, thus contributing to the limited literature on sustainable practices in the food service industry. The originality of this study lies in its integrated application of PLS-SEM and NCA to simultaneously examine the sufficient and necessary conditions influencing food waste reduction intention, with a specific focus on green management practices implemented by small restaurants.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [Mohammad Nurul Hassan Reza], upon reasonable request.

References

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Funding

No funding was received for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. UKM - Graduate School of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Abdullah Al Mamun, Qing Yang & Jingzu Gao

  2. Faculty of Business and Management, UCSI University, No. 1, UCSI Heights, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mohammad Nurul Hassan Reza

Authors
  1. Abdullah Al Mamun
  2. Mohammad Nurul Hassan Reza
  3. Qing Yang
  4. Jingzu Gao

Contributions

Mohammad Nurul Hassan Reza, Qing Yang and Jingzu Gao: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation. Abdullah Al Mamun: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing – Review & Editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Nurul Hassan Reza.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

The human research ethics committee of Changzhi University have approved this study (Approval Number: CZ-2022–0012).

Consent to participate

Written informed consent was obtained from respondents who participated in the survey.

Consent to publish

All authors approved the manuscript and give their consent for submission and publication.

Competing interests

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

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Electronic supplementary material

Appendix 1 Discriminant validity

Appendix 1 Discriminant validity

Code

GF

GM

GP

GK

GD

GC

GR

FWI

GF1

0.844

0.297

0.316

0.266

0.314

0.265

0.276

0.438

GF2

0.853

0.235

0.315

0.317

0.317

0.268

0.275

0.458

GF3

0.852

0.288

0.308

0.255

0.359

0.286

0.254

0.461

GF4

0.838

0.198

0.255

0.248

0.247

0.223

0.239

0.408

GF5

0.837

0.279

0.282

0.275

0.291

0.250

0.258

0.414

GM1

0.254

0.837

0.267

0.305

0.247

0.303

0.287

0.421

GM2

0.239

0.839

0.267

0.281

0.209

0.260

0.240

0.414

GM3

0.241

0.826

0.281

0.323

0.225

0.260

0.311

0.422

GM4

0.273

0.837

0.282

0.304

0.231

0.265

0.272

0.425

GM5

0.275

0.830

0.305

0.292

0.214

0.289

0.267

0.431

GP1

0.326

0.253

0.824

0.287

0.253

0.281

0.257

0.414

GP2

0.277

0.219

0.811

0.281

0.301

0.319

0.296

0.408

GP3

0.248

0.263

0.823

0.290

0.264

0.304

0.251

0.411

GP4

0.308

0.304

0.816

0.332

0.257

0.285

0.290

0.406

GP5

0.276

0.337

0.820

0.292

0.277

0.279

0.309

0.422

GK1

0.235

0.272

0.269

0.816

0.262

0.297

0.225

0.408

GK2

0.270

0.303

0.309

0.813

0.262

0.293

0.285

0.420

GK3

0.268

0.287

0.300

0.803

0.238

0.284

0.262

0.383

GK4

0.277

0.272

0.288

0.807

0.255

0.232

0.218

0.405

GK5

0.257

0.327

0.297

0.805

0.242

0.279

0.254

0.397

GD1

0.289

0.210

0.294

0.256

0.817

0.266

0.284

0.423

GD2

0.275

0.196

0.232

0.197

0.816

0.273

0.267

0.400

GD3

0.311

0.212

0.296

0.305

0.826

0.294

0.257

0.448

GD4

0.320

0.264

0.282

0.267

0.820

0.270

0.272

0.433

GD5

0.292

0.225

0.246

0.248

0.823

0.254

0.266

0.413

GC1

0.233

0.282

0.304

0.298

0.295

0.817

0.307

0.422

GC2

0.280

0.261

0.301

0.314

0.270

0.830

0.331

0.423

GC3

0.252

0.289

0.265

0.259

0.245

0.824

0.262

0.421

GC4

0.255

0.255

0.309

0.254

0.246

0.818

0.312

0.400

GC5

0.237

0.267

0.291

0.277

0.302

0.811

0.253

0.398

GR1

0.233

0.282

0.314

0.261

0.240

0.322

0.822

0.426

GR2

0.251

0.300

0.293

0.273

0.277

0.265

0.824

0.455

GR3

0.251

0.232

0.255

0.228

0.233

0.336

0.816

0.420

GR4

0.265

0.256

0.278

0.270

0.285

0.279

0.819

0.414

GR5

0.265

0.284

0.265

0.231

0.309

0.267

0.824

0.434

FWI1

0.440

0.445

0.432

0.425

0.441

0.412

0.461

0.850

FWI2

0.426

0.429

0.465

0.433

0.420

0.431

0.454

0.847

FWI3

0.441

0.387

0.392

0.411

0.443

0.406

0.433

0.838

FWI4

0.437

0.444

0.406

0.414

0.420

0.433

0.427

0.837

FWI5

0.439

0.434

0.427

0.418

0.458

0.444

0.438

0.849

Fornell-Larcker criterion

GF

0.845

GM

0.308

0.834

GP

0.350

0.337

0.819

GK

0.323

0.361

0.362

0.809

GD

0.363

0.270

0.330

0.312

0.820

GC

0.307

0.330

0.358

0.343

0.331

0.820

GR

0.308

0.331

0.343

0.308

0.328

0.358

0.821

FWI

0.517

0.507

0.503

0.498

0.517

0.504

0.524

0.844

  1. GF Green Food Procurement, GM Green Menu Planning and Green Cooking, GP Green Package for Take-Out, GK Green Kitchen Environment, GD Green Dining Environment, GC Green Cleaning and Post-Treatment, GR Green Management Policy, FWI Leftover Food Sharing Intention

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Al Mamun, A., Reza, M.N.H., Yang, Q. et al. Modeling the significance of green management practices on food waste reduction intention among small restaurants. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 30, 74 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-025-10267-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-025-10267-0

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