list::back and list::front

Illustrates how to use the list::back and list::front Standard Template Library (STL) functions in Visual C++.

reference back( ); 
const_reference back( ) const; 
reference front( ); 
const_reference front( ) const; 
void pop_back( ); 
void pop_front( ); 
void push_back( 
 const T& x 
); 
void push_front( 
 const T& x 
);

Remarks

The back member function returns a reference to the last element of the controlled sequence. The front member function returns a reference to the first element of the controlled sequence. The pop_back member function removes the last element of the controlled sequence. The pop_front member function removes the first element of the controlled sequence. All these functions require that the controlled sequence be nonempty. The push_back member function inserts an element with value x at the end of the controlled sequence. The push_front member function inserts an element with value x at the beginning of the controlled sequence.

Example

// liststck.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
// This example shows how to use the various stack
// like functions of list.
//
// Functions:
// list::back
// list::front
// list::pop_back
// list::pop_front
// list::push_back
// list::push_front
#pragma warning (disable:4786)
#include <list>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std ;
typedef list<string> LISTSTR;
int main()
{
 LISTSTR test;
 test.push_back("back");
 test.push_front("middle");
 test.push_front("front");
 // front
 cout << test.front() << endl;
 // back
 cout << test.back() << endl;
 test.pop_front();
 test.pop_back();
 // middle
 cout << test.front() << endl;
}

Output

front
back
middle

Requirements

Header: <list>

See Also

Concepts

Standard Template Library Samples