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Commit 8647eb5

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Merge branch 'master' of github.com:javascript-tutorial/en.javascript.info into sync-035c5267
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The root of the problem is that `Promise.all` immediately rejects when one of its promises rejects, but it do nothing to cancel the other promises.
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In our case, the second query fails, so `Promise.all` rejects, and the `try...catch` block catches this error.Meanwhile, other promises are *not affected* - they independently continue their execution. In our case, the third query throws an error of its own after a bit of time. And that error is never caught, we can see it in the console.
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The problem is especially dangerous in server-side environments, such as Node.js, when an uncaught error may cause the process to crash.
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How to fix it?
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An ideal solution would be to cancel all unfinished queries when one of them fails. This way we avoid any potential errors.
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However, the bad news is that service calls (such as `database.query`) are often implemented by a 3rd-party library which doesn't support cancellation. Then there's no way to cancel a call.
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As an alternative, we can write our own wrapper function around `Promise.all` which adds a custom `then/catch` handler to each promise to track them: results are gathered and, if an error occurs, all subsequent promises are ignored.
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```js
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function customPromiseAll(promises) {
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return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
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const results = [];
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let resultsCount = 0;
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let hasError = false; // we'll set it to true upon first error
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promises.forEach((promise, index) => {
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promise
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.then(result => {
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if (hasError) return; // ignore the promise if already errored
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results[index] = result;
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resultsCount++;
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if (resultsCount === promises.length) {
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resolve(results); // when all results are ready - successs
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}
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})
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.catch(error => {
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if (hasError) return; // ignore the promise if already errored
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hasError = true; // wops, error!
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reject(error); // fail with rejection
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});
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});
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});
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}
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```
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This approach has an issue of its own - it's often undesirable to `disconnect()` when queries are still in the process.
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It may be important that all queries complete, especially if some of them make important updates.
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So we should wait until all promises are settled before going further with the execution and eventually disconnecting.
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Here's another implementation. It behaves similar to `Promise.all` - also resolves with the first error, but waits until all promises are settled.
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```js
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function customPromiseAllWait(promises) {
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return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
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const results = new Array(promises.length);
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let settledCount = 0;
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let firstError = null;
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promises.forEach((promise, index) => {
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Promise.resolve(promise)
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.then(result => {
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results[index] = result;
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})
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.catch(error => {
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if (firstError === null) {
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firstError = error;
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}
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})
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.finally(() => {
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settledCount++;
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if (settledCount === promises.length) {
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if (firstError !== null) {
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reject(firstError);
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} else {
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resolve(results);
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}
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}
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});
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});
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});
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}
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```
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Now `await customPromiseAllWait(...)` will stall the execution until all queries are processed.
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This is a more reliable approach, as it guarantees a predictable execution flow.
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Lastly, if we'd like to process all errors, we can use either use `Promise.allSettled` or write a wrapper around it to gathers all errors in a single [AggregateError](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/AggregateError) object and rejects with it.
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```js
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// wait for all promises to settle
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// return results if no errors
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// throw AggregateError with all errors if any
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function allOrAggregateError(promises) {
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return Promise.allSettled(promises).then(results => {
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const errors = [];
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const values = [];
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results.forEach((res, i) => {
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if (res.status === 'fulfilled') {
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values[i] = res.value;
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} else {
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errors.push(res.reason);
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}
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});
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if (errors.length > 0) {
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throw new AggregateError(errors, 'One or more promises failed');
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}
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return values;
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});
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}
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```
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# Dangerous Promise.all
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`Promise.all` is a great way to parallelize multiple operations. It's especially useful when we need to make parallel requests to multiple services.
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However, there's a hidden danger. We'll see an example in this task and explore how to avoid it.
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Let's say we have a connection to a remote service, such as a database.
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There're two functions: `connect()` and `disconnect()`.
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When connected, we can send requests using `database.query(...)` - an async function which usually returns the result but also may throw an error.
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Here's a simple implementation:
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```js
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let database;
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function connect() {
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database = {
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async query(isOk) {
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if (!isOk) throw new Error('Query failed');
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}
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};
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}
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function disconnect() {
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database = null;
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}
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// intended usage:
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// connect()
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// ...
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// database.query(true) to emulate a successful call
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// database.query(false) to emulate a failed call
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// ...
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// disconnect()
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```
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Now here's the problem.
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We wrote the code to connect and send 3 queries in parallel (all of them take different time, e.g. 100, 200 and 300ms), then disconnect:
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```js
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// Helper function to call async function `fn` after `ms` milliseconds
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function delay(fn, ms) {
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return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
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setTimeout(() => fn().then(resolve, reject), ms);
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});
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}
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async function run() {
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connect();
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try {
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await Promise.all([
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// these 3 parallel jobs take different time: 100, 200 and 300 ms
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// we use the `delay` helper to achieve this effect
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*!*
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delay(() => database.query(true), 100),
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delay(() => database.query(false), 200),
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delay(() => database.query(false), 300)
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*/!*
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]);
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} catch(error) {
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console.log('Error handled (or was it?)');
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}
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disconnect();
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}
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run();
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```
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Two of these queries happen to be unsuccessful, but we're smart enough to wrap the `Promise.all` call into a `try..catch` block.
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However, this doesn't help! This script actually leads to an uncaught error in console!
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Why? How to avoid it?

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