Thank you very much for being willing to help me!! But I still haven't solved it。

I have modified nginx according to your suggestion and hope to use/vscode/31013/proxy to access it http://127.0.0.1:31013
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After the nginx - s reload, I accessed it using a browser http://192.168.8.74:31013/ , can be accessed normally
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But I use https://vscode.rd.supcon.com/vscode/31013/ The page displays' not found '
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To verify if there is an issue with nginx, I will follow your answers in other posts. Added a section of ngixn configuration:
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After nginx - s reload, access it again through the browser: https://vscode.rd.supcon.com/code/ , can be accessed normally
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Your location is a little different than what you originally posted. This is what I was using (notice the 2ドル):

location ~/code/(\d+)(/.*)?$ {
 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1ドル2ドル$is_args$args;
 proxy_set_header ... etc etc ....

But, I was able to make ~ ^/vscode/(.*)/?$ work by omitting the slash in proxy_pass:

location ~ ^/vscode/(.*)/?$ { 
 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1ドル$is_args$args; 
 proxy_set_header ... etc etc ....

I used your configuration:
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When I opened the following URL in my browser: https://hos-studio.rd.supcon.com/vscode/15555/

I noticed that the page resources loaded correctly, but its WebSocket was not properly forwarded.
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