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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: content/hardware/05.pro-solutions/solutions-and-kits/portenta-machine-control/datasheet/datasheet.md
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-**4x Analog output channels**
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- DC Voltage output software configurable: 0-10V DC
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- Max 20mA per channel
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- Analog Out Channel 2 with maximum period of ~1.3 ms (Recommended for high-frequency PWM signals)
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- Analog Out Channels 0, 1, 3 with standard timers
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-**12x Digital programmable channels**
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- Non-galvanic isolated 24V power input
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- 12x High-side switches with current limit and inductive load kick-back protection
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The maximum output current is 20mA per channel.
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Analog Out Channel 2 (AO2) is connected to pin PG7 on the Portenta H7 and features an HRTIM (High-Resolution Timer) function. The HRTIM configuration includes a frequency of 200 MHz (tick time = 5 ns), a clock prescaler of 4, and a maximum period of 65533 ticks (1.31 ms). This results in a maximum period of ~1.3 ms, making AO2 suitable mainly for high-frequency PWM signals.
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For applications requiring periods longer than 1.3 ms, consider using Analog Out Channels 0, 1, or 3, which use standard timers.
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### Temperature Measurements
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Three independent temperature measurement channels are available.
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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: content/hardware/05.pro-solutions/solutions-and-kits/portenta-machine-control/tutorials/pmc-arduino-library/content.md
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This update enhances the user experience by making the code more intuitive and aligned with the familiar Arduino programming style.
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***When using the Analog Output channels, please consider following detail: The High-Resolution Timer (HRTIM) function on PG7 allows for high-frequency PWM signals with precise control over short periods. However, it is limited to a maximum period of __approximately 1.3 ms__. This constraint makes __Analog Out Channel 2__ optimal for high-frequency PWM applications but unsuitable for periods exceeding 1.3 ms. For longer periods, alternative __Analog Out channels (AO0, AO1, AO3)__ with standard timers are recommended. Please refer to the [Portenta Machine Control User Manual: Analog Outputs section](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/portenta-machine-control/user-manual/#analog-outputs) for more details.***
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### Encoders
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The handling of encoders has been updated in the `Arduino_PortentaMachineControl` Library for a more streamlined and intuitive approach. One key new feature is the **removal of array object access**. In the previous library version, encoder objects were accessed using array notation (`[]`). The latest version has simplified this approach, enhancing code readability and reducing potential errors.
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### Working With Analog Output Channel 2 (AO2)
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**Analog output channel 2 (AO2)** of the Portenta Machine Control is connected to pin *PG7* on the Portenta H7, which features an **HRTIM (High-Resolution TIMer)** function. It is the only Analog Out pin on the Portenta Machine Control with an **HRTIM (High-Resolution Timer)** function.
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The *HRTIM* on *PG7* is mainly applicable for high-frequency PWM signals, which have constraints on the maximum period that can be achieved. With the availability of the *HRTIM_EEV2* function, which serves as an external event input, its configuration allows **AO2** to support high-resolution PWM signals with very short periods but also results in a constraint.
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The *HRTIM* is configured with a frequency of **200 MHz** (tick time = **5 ns**), a clock prescaler set to **4**, and a maximum period of **0xFFFD** ticks (**65533 * 5 ns * 4 = 1.31 ms**). This configuration results in a maximum allowed period of **1.31 ms** for *AO2*.
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Knowing that the maximum allowable period for *AO2* is approximately **1.3 ms**, it makes it suitable only for high-frequency PWM signals. For applications requiring periods longer than *1.3 ms*, we recommend using other analog output channels, such as **Analog output channel 0 (AO0)**, **1 (AO1)**, or **3 (AO3)**, which can use standard timers. Please consider this characteristic when selecting the appropriate output channel for the development application.
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The following code shows the setup of the *Analog Out* channels, including *AO2*. Please be aware that attempting to set a period longer than *1.3 ms* for *AO2* is not recommended.
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```cpp
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#include<Arduino_PortentaMachineControl.h>
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#definePERIOD_MS_AO2 1 /* 1 ms for AO2 */
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#define PERIOD_MS 4 /* 4 ms - 250Hz for other channels */
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voidsetup() {
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Serial.begin(9600);
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MachineControl_AnalogOut.begin();
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MachineControl_AnalogOut.setPeriod(0, PERIOD_MS);
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MachineControl_AnalogOut.setPeriod(1, PERIOD_MS);
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MachineControl_AnalogOut.setPeriod(2, PERIOD_MS_AO2); // AO2 - Adjusted period to fit limitation
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MachineControl_AnalogOut.setPeriod(3, PERIOD_MS);
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MachineControl_AnalogOut.write(0, 5);
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MachineControl_AnalogOut.write(1, 5);
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MachineControl_AnalogOut.write(2, 5);
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MachineControl_AnalogOut.write(3, 5);
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}
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voidloop() {
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}
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```
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## Digital Inputs
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The Portenta Machine Control has up to eight digital input channels, as shown in the image below. Each channel incorporates a voltage divider comprising a 680 kΩ and a 100 kΩ resistor, which scales an input from 0 to 24 VDC down to 0 to 3 VDC.
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