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| 1 | + |
| 2 | +# PascalCase - EmployeeName , first letter capital |
| 3 | +# CamelCase - employeeName , first letter small |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +# Class always written in PascalCase |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +# Abstraction - Abstraction in action, provides an abstract method without showing its implementation |
| 8 | +# Encapsulation - Encapsulated method, abstracts how it works internally |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +''' |
| 11 | +We identify the following in our problem |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | +Noun -> Class -> Employee |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | +Adjective -> Attributes -> name,age,salary |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +Verbs -> Methods -> getSalary(), increment() |
| 18 | +''' |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +# Class attribute and instance attribute |
| 21 | + |
| 22 | +# Class definition |
| 23 | +class Employee: |
| 24 | + company = "Google" # Class attribute - specific to each class |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +# Instantiation - creating an instance (object) of the class |
| 27 | +mahar = Employee() # Object instantiation |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +# Accessing class attribute using the instance |
| 30 | +print(mahar.company) # Output: "Google" |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | +# Changing the class attribute for all instances of the class |
| 33 | +Employee.company = "Amazon" |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | +# Adding instance attributes to the object |
| 36 | +mahar.name = "Mahar" # Instance attribute |
| 37 | +mahar.salary = "30,000" # Instance attribute |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +# Accessing instance attributes |
| 40 | +print(mahar.name) # Output: "Mahar" |
| 41 | +print(mahar.company) # Output: "Amazon" (class attribute can also be accessed through the instance) |
| 42 | +print(mahar.salary) # Output: "30,000" |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | +''' |
| 46 | +The 'self' parameter is used to refer to the instance itself, |
| 47 | +allowing access to its attributes and methods within the class. |
| 48 | +It's a way to make sure the instance itself is affected |
| 49 | +when modifying or accessing attributes or methods |
| 50 | +''' |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | +class Employee: |
| 53 | + company = "Google" |
| 54 | + # Method to get and print the salary of an employee |
| 55 | + def getSalary(self): |
| 56 | + # Accessing and printing the company name and employee's salary |
| 57 | + print(f"Salary for this employee working in {self.company} is {self.salary}") |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | +# Object instantiation |
| 60 | +mahar = Employee() # Creating an instance 'mahar' of the Employee class |
| 61 | +mahar.salary = 100000 |
| 62 | +# Calling the 'getSalary' method for the 'mahar' instance |
| 63 | +# This will print the salary and company name using instance and class attributes |
| 64 | +mahar.getSalary() # Output: Salary for this employee working in Google is 100000 |
| 65 | + |
| 66 | +'''Static method |
| 67 | +Sometimes, we need a function that doesn’t use the self-parameter. We can define a static method like this:''' |
| 68 | +class MathOperations: |
| 69 | + @staticmethod |
| 70 | + def add(x, y): |
| 71 | + return x + y |
| 72 | +# Using the static method without creating an instance |
| 73 | +result = MathOperations.add(5, 7) |
| 74 | +print("Result of addition:", result) # Output: Result of addition: 12 |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +''' |
| 78 | +__init__() constructor |
| 79 | +__init__() is a special method that runs as soon as the object is created. |
| 80 | +It is known as the constructor and takes a self-argument and can also take further arguments. |
| 81 | +For Example:''' |
| 82 | +class Employee: |
| 83 | + def __init__(self, name, age): |
| 84 | + self.name = name |
| 85 | + self.age = age |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | + def display_info(self): |
| 88 | + print(f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}") |
| 89 | +# Creating an object of the Employee class using the constructor (__init__ method) |
| 90 | +emp1 = Employee("Alice", 30) |
| 91 | +emp2 = Employee("Bob", 28) |
| 92 | +# Displaying employee information using instance method |
| 93 | +emp1.display_info() # Output: Name: Alice, Age: 30 |
| 94 | +emp2.display_info() # Output: Name: Bob, Age: 28 |
| 95 | + |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | + |
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