Water quality assessment of Upper Ganga and Yamuna river systems during COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown: imprints of river rejuvenation

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Table 3 Changes in water quality of the Alaknanda, Bhagirathi, Ganga, and Tons during the Pre-lockdown and lockdown phase

Sample location	Pre-lockdown WPI	During lockdown (Phase- 1 and 2) WPI	% change in WPI	Remarks/relative water quality
Sample location	Ramesh and Sarin [92]n = 11	Chakrapani [16] n = 33	% change in WPI	Remarks/relative water quality	Tiwari et al., [112]n = 2	The present study (n = 34)
Alaknanda	0.10	0.19	–	0.15	21	Improved
Bhagirathi	0.12	0.19	–	0.13	32	Improved
Ganga	0.13	2.0	–	0.14	93	Improved
Tons	–	–	–	0.18	–	Moderately improved
Dokriani glacier	0.03	freshwater

'n' indicates the number of water samples collected in the different river basins.
The Water Pollution Index (WPI) value is shown for the snow and ice of the Dokriani Glacier to check the method's accuracy

ISSN: 1467-4866