Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/November

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November 1 : Samhain and Beltane in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively; Rajyotsava (Formation Day) in Karnataka, India (1956)

• 1141 – After Empress Matilda released her rival King Stephen , he in turn released Robert of Gloucester, her strongest supporter, thus prolonging the Anglo-Norman civil war known as The Anarchy.
• 1824 – The disposable ship Columbus (pictured) arrived in the The Downs off England, becoming, at that time, the largest vessel to have crossed the Atlantic Ocean.
• 1914 – World War I: The first contingent of the First Australian Imperial Force departed Albany, Western Australia.
• 1956 – The Indian states Kerala , Andhra Pradesh , and Karnataka were formally created under the States Reorganisation Act.
• 1972 – Elvis on Tour , a concert film that documented Elvis Presley's tour throughout the United States, opened.

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November 2

• 1880 – James A. Garfield was elected as president of the United States; the election is the closest to date by popular vote margin.
• 1932 – The Australian military began a "war against emus ", flightless native birds blamed for widespread damage to crops in Western Australia.
• 1949 – The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference ended with the Netherlands agreeing to transfer sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies to the United States of Indonesia.
• 1994 – A lightning strike ruptured three oil tanks near Dronka, Egypt, causing a flood that killed 469 people.
• 2000 – As members of Expedition 1 , American astronaut William Shepherd and Russian cosmonauts Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko (all pictured) became the first resident crew to arrive at the International Space Station.

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November 3 : Constitution Day in the Dominican Republic (2025); Culture Day in Japan

• 1812 – French invasion of Russia: As Napoleon's Grande Armée began its retreat, its rear guard was defeated at the Battle of Vyazma .
• 1881 – Indigenous Mapuche began an uprising against the occupation of Araucanía by Chile.
• 1943 – The Holocaust: The largest massacre of Jews by German forces began at Majdanek concentration camp.
• 1954 – The first film featuring the giant monster known as Godzilla was released (poster pictured) nationwide in Japan.
• 1996 – Abdullah Çatlı , a leader of the ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves, was killed in a car crash near Susurluk, Turkey, sparking a scandal that exposed the depth of the state's complicity in organized crime.

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November 4 : National Unity and Armed Forces Day in Italy

• 1780 – Túpac Amaru II led a rebellion of Aymara, Quechua, and mestizo peasants in protest against the Bourbon Reforms in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru.
• 1924 – In a special election in Wyoming , Nellie Tayloe Ross became the first woman to be elected as a governor in the United States.
• 1970 – Authorities in California discovered a 13-year-old feral child, pseudonymously known as Genie , who had spent nearly her entire life in social isolation.
• 1995 – Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin (pictured) was assassinated by Yigal Amir, a right-wing extremist, at a peace rally at Kings of Israel Square in Tel Aviv.
• 2010 – In the first aviation incident involving an Airbus A380, Qantas Flight 32 suffered an uncontained engine failure and made an emergency landing at Changi Airport in Singapore with no casualties.

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November 5 : Guy Fawkes Night in Great Britain and some Commonwealth countries; Guru Nanak Gurpurab (Sikhism, 2025)

• 1556 – At the Second Battle of Panipat , forces of the Mughal emperor Akbar captured Hemu, the Hindu emperor of north India.
• 1854 – Crimean War: Despite being severely outnumbered, and fighting in heavy foggy conditions, the allied armies of the United Kingdom and France defeated the Russians in present-day Inkerman, Ukraine.
• 1916 – An armed confrontation in Everett, Washington, between local authorities and members of the Industrial Workers of the World resulted in seven deaths.
• 1944 – World War II: Allied forces began a military campaign on Japanese-occupied Singapore.
• 1990 – Israeli ultra-nationalist rabbi Meir Kahane (pictured) was assassinated in a New York City hotel by an Arab gunman.

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November 6 : Gustavus Adolphus Day in Estonia, Finland, and Sweden

• 1856 – The first story from the collection Scenes of Clerical Life by the English author George Eliot was submitted for publication.
• 1939 – As part of their plan to eradicate the Polish intellectual elite, the Gestapo arrested 184 professors, students and employees of the Jagiellonian University (location pictured) in Kraków.
• 2004 – A man committing suicide parked his car on the railway tracks in Ufton Nervet, Berkshire, England, causing a derailment that also killed six people on the train.
• 2012 – Tammy Baldwin became the first openly gay politician to be elected to the United States Senate.

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November 7

• 680 – The Third Council of Constantinople convened to settle the Christological controversies of monoenergism and monothelitism.
• 1825 – Jereboam O. Beauchamp murdered Kentucky legislator Solomon P. Sharp; Beauchamp later became the first person legally executed in the state.
• 1917 – World War I: British forces captured Gaza following the retreat of the Ottoman garrison.
• 1972 – A ship collision with the Sidney Lanier Bridge in the U.S. state of Georgia resulted in a bridge collapse (pictured), which killed ten people.
• 1987 – Tunisian prime minister Zine El Abidine Ben Ali deposed and replaced President Habib Bourguiba by declaring him medically unfit for the duties of the office.

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November 8

• 960 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Having been the target of many raids by the Emirate of Aleppo, Byzantine forces led by Leo Phokas the Younger ambushed the Hamdanids and annihilated their army.
• 1520 – After his coronation as king of Sweden, Christian II (pictured) gave the order to execute nearly 100 people, mostly noblemen, despite promises of general amnesty.
• 1940 – The Italian invasion of Greece failed as outnumbered Greek units repulsed the Italians at the Battle of Elaia–Kalamas .
• 2013 – Typhoon Haiyan made landfall in the Visayas region of the Philippines, killing at least 6,300 people, making it the deadliest Philippine typhoon recorded in modern history.

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November 9

• 1822 – USS Alligator engaged three pirate schooners off the coast of Cuba in one of the West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States.
• 1913 – A severe blizzard reached its maximum intensity in the Great Lakes Basin of North America, destroying 19 ships and 68,300 tons of cargo, and killing more than 250 people.
• 1918 – The government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic adopted a tricolour national flag (pictured), which is again in use today, with slight modifications, by the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan.
• 1985 – At age 22, Garry Kasparov became the then-youngest World Chess Champion by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov.
• 2019 – The Alabama Crimson Tide and LSU Tigers football teams, both with undefeated records thus far that season, played in a "Game of the Century" .

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November 10

• 1599 – At the culmination of a Swedish civil war, supporters of the deposed King Sigismund III Vasa were publicly executed in the Åbo Bloodbath .
• 1898 – White supremacists seized power and massacred black Americans during the Wilmington massacre ,(newspaper headline depicted) the only instance of a municipal government being overthrown in United States history.
• 1940 – An earthquake registering 7.7 M_w struck the Vrancea region of Romania.
• 1995 – Writer and environmental activist Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight others from the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People were executed by the Nigerian military regime led by Sani Abacha.
• 2009 – A skirmish occurred between South Korean and North Korean naval ships off Daecheong Island in the Yellow Sea.

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November 11 : Armistice Day (known as Remembrance Day in the Commonwealth of Nations and Veterans Day in the United States); Singles' Day in China and Southeast Asia

• 1805 – War of the Third Coalition: French, Austrian and Russian units suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Dürenstein .
• 1920 – In London, the Cenotaph was unveiled and the Unknown Warrior was buried in Westminster Abbey in remembrance of the First World War.
• 1940 – Second World War: The Royal Navy launched the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history against the Italians in the Battle of Taranto .
• 1960 – A coup attempt by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam against President Ngô Đình Diệm was crushed after he falsely promised reform, allowing loyalists to rescue him.
• 1965 – Rhodesia, led by Prime Minister Ian Smith (pictured), unilaterally declared independence from the United Kingdom.

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November 12

• 1330 – Led by the voivode Basarab I, Wallachian forces defeated the Hungarian army in an ambush at the Battle of Posada (depicted).
• 1920 – The Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes signed the Treaty of Rapallo to establish national borders east of the Adriatic Sea.
• 1940 – World War II: Free French forces captured Gabon from Vichy France.
• 1970 – The deadliest tropical cyclone in history made landfall on the coast of East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh), killing at least 250,000 people.
• 2011 – An explosion in the Shahid Modarres missile base led to the deaths of 17 members of the Revolutionary Guards, including Hassan Tehrani Moghaddam , a key figure in Iran's missile program.

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November 13

• 1642 – First English Civil War: Royalist forces engaged the much larger Parliamentarian army at the Battle of Turnham Green near Turnham Green, Middlesex.
• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: American forces captured Montreal without significant opposition as part of the Invasion of Quebec .
• 1940 – Walt Disney's Fantasia , the first commercial film shown with stereophonic sound, premiered at the Broadway Theatre in New York City.
• 1985 – The volcano Nevado del Ruiz (pictured) erupted, causing a volcanic mudslide that buried the town of Armero, Colombia, killing approximately 23,000 people.
• 2015 – Coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris perpetrated by the Islamic State killed 130 people and injured 413 others.

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November 14 : World Diabetes Day ; Dobruja Day in Romania

• 1680 – German astronomer Gottfried Kirch discovered the Great Comet of 1680 , the first comet to be discovered by telescope.
• 1910 – Aviator Eugene Burton Ely performed the first takeoff from a ship (pictured), flying from a makeshift deck on USS Birmingham in Hampton Roads, Virginia.
• 1967 – American physicist Theodore Maiman was given a patent for his ruby laser systems, the world's first laser.
• 1970 – Southern Airways Flight 932 , chartered by the Marshall University football team, crashed into a hill near Ceredo, West Virginia, killing all 75 people on board.
• 2010 – Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel won the Drivers' Championship after winning the final race of the season, becoming the youngest Formula One champion.

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November 15

• 655 – Penda of Mercia and Æthelhere of East Anglia were defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria at the Battle of the Winwaed in Yorkshire, England.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Union army general William Tecumseh Sherman (pictured) began his March to the Sea, inflicting significant damage to property and infrastructure using scorched-earth tactics on his way from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia.
• 1908 – As a result of numerous atrocities in the territory , the Congo Free State was annexed to Belgium to form the Belgian Congo.
• 1922 – Fountain of Time , in Chicago's Washington Park, was dedicated as a tribute to 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following the Treaty of Ghent.
• 2000 – Edoardo Agnelli , son of the industrialist patriarch Gianni Agnelli, was found dead under a bridge on the outskirts of Turin, Italy.

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November 16

• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: A Dutch fort on Sint Eustatius fired The First Salute to an American brig (pictured) marking the first international recognition of the American flag.
• 1885 – After a five-day trial following the North-West Rebellion, the Canadian Métis leader and "Father of Manitoba" Louis Riel was hanged for high treason.
• 1938 – Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann first synthesized the psychedelic drug LSD in Basel, Switzerland.
• 1967 – Aeroflot Flight 2230 crashed after takeoff from Koltsovo Airport, Russia, killing all 107 people aboard.
• 1981 – About 30 million people watched the fictional couple Luke Spencer and Laura Webber wed on the television show General Hospital in the highest-rated hour in American soap opera history.

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November 17

• 1592 – Sigismund III Vasa , who was already King of Poland, succeeded his father John III as King of Sweden.
• 1921 – Rioting broke out in Bombay, India, during the visit of Edward, Prince of Wales, leading to at least 58 deaths.
• 1943 – World War II: Australian forces launched an assault on Sattelberg, New Guinea, against Japanese forces, initiating the Battle of Sattelberg .
• 1950 – The 14th Dalai Lama (pictured) assumed full temporal power as ruler of Tibet at the age of 15.
• 2013 – Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 crashed during an aborted landing at Kazan International Airport, Russia, killing all 50 people on board and leading to the revocation of the airline's operating certificate.

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November 18

• 1210 – Otto IV , Holy Roman Emperor, was ex­com­mu­ni­cated by Pope Innocent III after Otto commanded him to annul the Concordat of Worms.
• 1865 – "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County " was published, becoming the first great success of American author Mark Twain.
• 1872 – American suffragette Susan B. Anthony (pictured) was arrested and later fined 100ドル for having voted in the presidential election two weeks earlier.
• 1987 – An underground fire killed 31 people at King's Cross St Pancras tube station in London.
• 2011 – The sandbox video game Minecraft exited beta with the official release of version 1.0.

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November 19 : International Men's Day ; World Toilet Day ; Liberation Day in Mali (1968)

• 1863 – American Civil War: U.S. president Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
• 1942 – World War II: Soviet troops launched Operation Uranus at the Battle of Stalingrad with the goal of encircling Axis forces, turning the tide of the battle in their favour.
• 1985 – The first of five summits (pictured) between Soviet general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and U.S. president Ronald Reagan began in Geneva.
• 2005 – Iraq War: A group of United States Marines allegedly massacred twenty-four people in the town of Haditha.
• 2010 – The first of four explosions occurred at the Pike River Mine in the West Coast in New Zealand's worst mining disaster in nearly a century.

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November 20 : Transgender Day of Remembrance

• 1845 – Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata: The Argentine Confederation was defeated in the Battle of Vuelta de Obligado , but the losses ultimately made the United Kingdom and France give up the blockade.
• 1902 – While discussing how to promote the newspaper L'Auto , sports journalist Géo Lefèvre came up with the idea of holding a cycling race that later became known as the Tour de France .
• 1945 – The Nuremberg trials (defendants pictured) of 24 leading Nazis involved in the Holocaust and various war crimes during World War II began in Nuremberg, Germany.
• 1990 – Andrei Chikatilo , one of the Soviet Union's most prolific serial killers, was arrested in Novocherkassk.
• 2003 – Suicide bombers blew up the British consulate and the headquarters of HSBC Bank in Istanbul, killing 31 people, including consul general Roger Short and actor Kerem Yılmazer.

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November 21 : Armed Forces Day in Bangladesh

• 1620 – The Mayflower Compact , the first governing document of the Plymouth Colony, was signed by 41 of the Mayflower 's passengers while the ship was anchored in what is now Provincetown Harbor.
• 1920 – Irish War of Independence: On Bloody Sunday in Dublin, the IRA assassinated a group of British intelligence agents, and British forces killed 14 civilians at a Gaelic football match at Croke Park.
• 1945 – Manzanar , a camp in California for the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, was closed.
• 1980 – A fire broke out at the MGM Grand Hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada killing 85 people and injuring 650 others.
• 2015 – The Belgian government imposed a four-day security lockdown in Brussels based on information about potential terrorist attacks.

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November 22

• 1718 – The pirate Blackbeard was killed in battle by a boarding party of British sailors off the coast of the Province of North Carolina.
• 1873 – The French steamship Ville du Havre collided with a Scottish iron clipper in the North Atlantic and sank with the loss of 226 lives.
• 1910 – The crews of three Brazilian warships – all commissioned only months before – and several smaller vessels mutinied against perceived "slavery" being practised in the Brazilian Navy.
• 1975 – Two days after the death of Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos I (pictured) was declared King of Spain according to the law of succession promulgated by Franco.
• 1995 – Toy Story , the first feature film created using only computer-generated imagery, was released in theaters in the United States.

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November 23

• 1635 – Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa : Soldiers from the Dutch East India Company (flag depicted) razed the village of Mattou, now part of modern-day Tainan, Taiwan.
• 1700 – A papal conclave , which had been deadlocked due to concerns over how a successor would respond to the impending death of Charles II of Spain, ended with the election of Clement XI.
• 1733 – African slaves in the Danish West Indies began an insurrection in one of the earliest and longest slave revolts in the Americas.
• 1980 – An earthquake struck the Irpinia region of Italy, killing at least 2,483 people, injuring more than 7,700 and leaving 250,000 homeless.
• 2007 – MS Explorer became the first cruise ship to sink in the Southern Ocean.

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November 24 : Feast day of the Vietnamese Martyrs (Catholicism)

• 1750 – Tarabai , the former regent of the Maratha Empire, had Rajaram II, whom she had previously claimed to be her grandson, arrested as an impostor.
• 1863 – American Civil War: As part of the Chattanooga campaign in Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces captured Lookout Mountain, helping them to begin breaking the Confederate siege of the city.
• 1925 – The Eugene O'Neill Theatre (pictured) opened on Broadway, New York, with a production of the musical Mayflowers.
• 1950 – The "Great Appalachian Storm ", a large extratropical cyclone, struck the east coast of the United States before moving northeast.
• 2015 – A Russian Sukhoi Su-24 attack aircraft was shot down by a Turkish fighter jet after the former allegedly strayed into Turkish airspace and ignored warnings to change course.

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November 25 : Evacuation Day in New York City (1783)

• 1510 – Afonso de Albuquerque, the governor of Portuguese India, led an armada to conquer Goa .
• 1940 – The de Havilland Mosquito , one of the most successful military aircraft in the Second World War, made its first flight.
• 1960 – Three of the four Mirabal sisters , who opposed the dictatorship of military strongman Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Republic, were beaten and strangled to death.
• 1970 – After failing to instigate a military coup to restore the powers of the Emperor of Japan, author Yukio Mishima and a member of his militia publicly committed ritual suicide.
• 1975 – Upon Suriname's independence from the Netherlands, Johan Ferrier (pictured) became its first president.

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November 26 : Feast day of Saint Sylvester Gozzolini (Catholicism); Constitution Day in India (1949)

• 1835 – Texas Revolution: Texian forces attacked a Mexican pack train, capturing 40 saddlebags of grass.
• 1914 – A large internal explosion destroyed HMS Bulwark near Sheerness, killing 741 people on board.
• 1940 – The Iron Guard killed 64 political detainees at a penitentiary near Bucharest and followed up with several high-profile assassinations, including that of former Romanian prime minister Nicolae Iorga.
• 1942 – A riot involving infantrymen, military police, and local law enforcement officers killed three people in Phoenix, Arizona.
• 2008 – A coordinated group of shooting and bombing attacks across Mumbai began, ultimately killing at least 174 people and wounding more than 300 others.

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November 27 : Thanksgiving in the United States (2025)

• 1095 – At the Council of Clermont , Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade, declaring holy war against the Muslims who had occupied the Holy Land and were attacking the Eastern Roman Empire.
• 1895 – Swedish chemist and industrialist Alfred Nobel (pictured) signed his last will and testament, setting aside the bulk of his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after his death.
• 1945 – A consortium of twenty-two U.S. charities founded CARE with the mission of delivering food aid to Europe in the aftermath of World War II.
• 1989 – A bomb placed by the Medellín Cartel in an attempt to kill Colombian presidential candidate César Gaviria destroyed Avianca Flight 203 , killing all 107 people on board, excluding Gaviria, who was not on the flight.
• 2020 – Nuclear physicist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh , regarded as the chief of Iran's nuclear program, was assassinated, allegedly by Mossad.

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November 28 : Black Friday in the United States (2025); Bukovina Day in Romania

• 1660 – Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, Christopher Wren and other leading scientists met at Gresham College in London to found a learned society, now known as the Royal Society (coat of arms pictured).
• 1811 – Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, Op. 73, premieres at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig.
• 1912 – At the All-Albanian Congress, the Assembly of Vlorë was constituted, which declared the independence of the Albanian Vilayet from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1925 – Grand Ole Opry , the longest-running radio broadcast in the United States, first aired on WSM in Nashville, Tennessee.
• 1975 – The Democratic Republic of East Timor, the precursor of Timor-Leste , declared independence from Portugal; it would only really gained independence in 2002, after decades of occupation by Indonesia.

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November 29 : Liberation Day in Albania

• 1781 – The crew of the British slave ship Zong , running low on water, began the killing of more than 130 enslaved African people by throwing them into the sea to claim insurance.
• 1810 – Napoleonic Wars: British troops rendezvoused at Grand Baie to launch an invasion of Isle de France , now known as Mauritius.
• 1924 – The Bronx County Bird Club was formed and would go on to lead the Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count in the eastern US for three years in a row.
• 1963 – Five minutes after taking off from Montréal–Dorval, Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 831 crashed in bad weather, killing all 118 people on board.
• 1972 – Atari announced the release of Pong (screenshot pictured), one of the first video games to achieve widespread popularity in both the arcade and home-console markets.
• 2012 – In resolution 67/19 , the United Nations General Assembly voted to accord the status of a non-member observer state to Palestine.

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November 30 : Saint Andrew's Day (Christianity)

• 1700 – Great Northern War: Swedish forces led by King Charles XII defeated the Russian army at the Battle of Narva .
• 1934 – Flying Scotsman (pictured) became the first steam locomotive officially to exceed 100 miles per hour (161 km/h).
• 1953 – Mutesa II , Kabaka of Buganda, was temporarily deposed and exiled to London by Andrew Cohen, the British governor of Uganda.
• 1954 – A meteorite crashed through a roof in Sylacauga, Alabama, and hit a sleeping woman in the first verified case of a human being injured by an extraterrestrial object.
• 1999 – A series of protests by anti-globalization activists against the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1999 in Seattle forced the cancellation of the opening ceremonies.

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