Geographic data and information
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Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position).[1] [2] It is also called geospatial data and information,[citation needed ] georeferenced data and information,[citation needed ] as well as geodata and geoinformation.[citation needed ]
Geographic data and information is stored in geographic databases and geographic information systems (GIS). There are many different formats of geodata, including vector files, raster files, web files, and multi-temporal data.
Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.
Fields of study
[edit ]Geographic data and information are the subject of a number of overlapping fields of study, mainly:
- Geocomputation
- Geographic information science
- Geoinformatics
- Geomatics
- Geovisualization
- Technical geography
"Geospatial technology" may refer to any of "geomatics", "geomatics", or "geographic information technology."
The above is in addition to other related fields, such as:
- Cartography
- Geodesy
- Geography
- Geostatistics
- Photogrammetry
- Remote sensing
- Spatial data analysis
- Surveying
- Topography
See also
[edit ]- Geomatics engineering
- Earth observation data
- Geographic feature
- Georeferencing
- Geospatial intelligence
- Ubiquitous geographic information
References
[edit ]Further reading
[edit ]- Roger A. Longhorn; Michael Blakemore (2007). Geographic Information: Value, Pricing, Production, and Consumption . CRC Press.
External links
[edit ]- Media related to Geographic data and information at Wikimedia Commons
