Portal:Environment

The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial. The term is most often applied to Earth or some parts of Earth. This environment encompasses the interaction of all living species, climate, weather and natural resources that affect human survival and economic activity. The concept of the natural environment can be distinguished as components:

Complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive civilized human intervention, including all vegetation, microorganisms, soil, rocks, plateaus, mountains, the atmosphere and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries and their nature.
Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric charge and magnetism, not originating from civilized human actions.

In contrast to the natural environment is the built environment. Built environments are where humans have fundamentally transformed landscapes such as urban settings and agricultural land conversion, the natural environment is greatly changed into a simplified human environment. Even acts which seem less extreme, such as building a mud hut or a photovoltaic system in the desert, the modified environment becomes an artificial one. Though many animals build things to provide a better environment for themselves, they are not human, hence beaver dams and the works of mound-building termites are thought of as natural.

There are no absolutely natural environments on Earth. Naturalness usually varies in a continuum, from 100% natural in one extreme to 0% natural in the other. The massive environmental changes of humanity in the Anthropocene have fundamentally affected all natural environments including: climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution from plastic and other chemicals in the air and water. More precisely, we can consider the different aspects or components of an environment, and see that their degree of naturalness is not uniform. If, for instance, we take an agricultural field, and consider the mineralogic composition and the structure of its soil, we will find that whereas the first is quite similar to that of an undisturbed forest soil, the structure is quite different. (Full article... )

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Space view of a tropical cyclone with a well-defined eye

Hurricane Florence viewed from the International Space Station in 2018. The eye, eyewall, and surrounding rainbands are characteristics of tropical cyclones.

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is called a hurricane (/ˈhʌrɪkən,-keɪn/ ), typhoon (/taɪˈfuːn/ ), tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, or simply cyclone. A hurricane is a strong tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean or northeastern Pacific Ocean. A typhoon is the same thing which occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, comparable storms are referred to as "tropical cyclones". In modern times, on average around 80 to 90 named tropical cyclones form each year around the world, over half of which develop hurricane-force winds of 65 kn (120 km/h; 75 mph) or more.

Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water. They derive their energy through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface, which ultimately condenses into clouds and rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation. This energy source differs from that of mid-latitude cyclonic storms, such as nor'easters and European windstorms, which are powered primarily by horizontal temperature contrasts. Tropical cyclones are typically between 100 and 2,000 km (62 and 1,243 mi) in diameter. The strong rotating winds of a tropical cyclone are a result of the conservation of angular momentum imparted by the Earth's rotation as air flows inwards toward the axis of rotation. As a result, cyclones rarely form within 5° of the equator. South Atlantic tropical cyclones are very rare due to consistently strong wind shear and a weak Intertropical Convergence Zone. In contrast, the African easterly jet and areas of atmospheric instability give rise to cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. (Full article... )

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... that German social media personality Maya Leinenbach became vegan after completing a school project on the influence of nutrition and consumption on the environment?
... that Flathead Lake Biological Station can detect invasive aquatic species in real-time using eDNA technology?
... that a "sea of mega solar farms" concerns environmentalists in Kushiro, Hokkaido?
... that 1ES 1927+654 , a galaxy in Draco, exhibited such extreme nuclear activity that it challenged conventional models of black-hole environments?
... that environmental economist V. Kerry Smith has been described as a "Renaissance Man of Economics"?
... that Taraxacum brachyglossum can reproduce both sexually and asexually, depending on environmental conditions?
... that Katherine Sleeper Walden was a journalist, postmistress, innkeeper, community organizer, environmental activist, and conservationist who now has three mountains named after her?
... that researchers estimated that training the model for ChatGPT used the equivalent energy footprint of "driving 123 gasoline-powered passenger vehicles for a year"?

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Power County wind farm, Idaho, USA

Credit: ENERGY.GOV

Wind Power is the conversion of wind energy into more useful forms, usually electricity, using wind turbines. The energy is generated in the form of electricity by converting the rotation of turbine blades into electrical current by means of an electrical generator. Wind power is used in large scale wind farms for national electrical grids as well as in small individual turbines for providing electricity to rural residences or grid-isolated locations.

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Fuller in 1972

Richard Buckminster Fuller Jr. (/ˈfʊlər/ ; July 12, 1895 – July 1, 1983) was an American architect, systems theorist, writer, designer, inventor, philosopher, and futurist. He styled his name as R. Buckminster Fuller in his writings, publishing more than 30 books and coining or popularizing such terms as "Spaceship Earth", "Dymaxion" (e.g., Dymaxion house, Dymaxion car, Dymaxion map), "ephemeralization", "synergetics", and "tensegrity".

Fuller developed numerous inventions, mainly architectural designs, and popularized the widely known geodesic dome; carbon molecules known as fullerenes were later named by scientists for their structural and mathematical resemblance to geodesic spheres. He also served as the second World President of Mensa International from 1974 to 1983. (Full article... )

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National ecological surplus or deficit, measured as a country's biocapacity per person (in global hectares) minus its ecological footprint per person (also in global hectares). Data from 2013.

x ≤ -9

-9 < x ≤ -8

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-6 < x ≤ -5

-5 < x ≤ -4

-4 < x ≤ -3

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-2 < x ≤ -1

-1 < x < 0

0 ≤ x < 2

2 ≤ x < 4

4 ≤ x < 6

6 ≤ x < 8

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Data unavailable

The Global Footprint Network was founded in 2003 and is an independent think tank originally based in the United States, Belgium and Switzerland. It was established as a charitable not-for-profit organization in each of those three countries. Its aim is to develop and promote tools for advancing sustainability, including the ecological footprint and biocapacity, which measure the amount of resources we use and how much we have. These tools aim at bringing ecological limits to the center of decision-making. (Full article... )

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The following are images from various environment-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1This coral reef in the Phoenix Islands Protected Area provides habitat for numerous marine species. (from Habitat)

Image 1This coral reef in the Phoenix Islands Protected Area provides habitat for numerous marine species. (from Habitat )
Image 2The High Peaks Wilderness Area in the 6,000,000-acre (2,400,000 ha) Adirondack Park is an example of a diverse ecosystem. (from Ecosystem)

Image 2The High Peaks Wilderness Area in the 6,000,000-acre (2,400,000 ha) Adirondack Park is an example of a diverse ecosystem. (from Ecosystem )
Image 3Spiny forest at Ifaty, Madagascar, featuring various Adansonia (baobab) species, Alluaudia procera (Madagascar ocotillo) and other vegetation (from Ecosystem)

Image 3Spiny forest at Ifaty, Madagascar, featuring various Adansonia (baobab) species, Alluaudia procera (Madagascar ocotillo) and other vegetation (from Ecosystem )
Image 4Catchments along the Great Barrier Reef (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef)

Image 4Catchments along the Great Barrier Reef (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef )
Image 5Ibex in an alpine habitat (from Habitat)

Image 5Ibex in an alpine habitat (from Habitat )
Image 6Few creatures make the ice shelves of Antarctica their habitat, but water beneath the ice can provide habitat for multiple species. Animals such as penguins have adapted to live in very cold conditions. (from Habitat)

Image 6Few creatures make the ice shelves of Antarctica their habitat, but water beneath the ice can provide habitat for multiple species. Animals such as penguins have adapted to live in very cold conditions. (from Habitat )
Image 7A team of British researchers found a hole in the ozone layer forming over Antarctica, the discovery of which would later influence the Montreal Protocol in 1987. (from Environmental science)

Image 7A team of British researchers found a hole in the ozone layer forming over Antarctica, the discovery of which would later influence the Montreal Protocol in 1987. (from Environmental science )
Image 8Wetland habitat types in Borneo (from Habitat)

Image 8Wetland habitat types in Borneo (from Habitat )
Image 9Dense mass of white crabs at a hydrothermal vent, with stalked barnacles on right (from Habitat)

Image 9Dense mass of white crabs at a hydrothermal vent, with stalked barnacles on right (from Habitat )
A color photograph taken from the air of a portion of the Kissimmee River; visible is the outline of the C-38 canal, filled with water and grass as the natural bends of the river grow through the canal

Image 10A portion of the C-38 canal, finished in 1971, now backfilled to restore the Kissimmee River floodplain to a more natural state (from Restoration of the Everglades )
Color digital illustration of the historic water drainage in South Florida, showing underground layers: a full Biscayne aquifer on top, a middle confining layer of rock, and the Floridan aquifer at the bottom; arrows indicate the Biscayne aquifer is recharged by the Everglades and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean underground. Text indicates the Everglades are fed by rainwater that falls to the west of the Atlantic Coastal Ridge

Image 11Natural water drainage patterns prior to development in South Florida, circa 1900 (from Restoration of the Everglades )
Image 12Global oceanic and terrestrial phototroph abundance, from September 1997 to August 2000. As an estimate of autotroph biomass, it is only a rough indicator of primary production potential and not an actual estimate of it. (from Ecosystem)

Image 12Global oceanic and terrestrial phototroph abundance, from September 1997 to August 2000. As an estimate of autotroph biomass, it is only a rough indicator of primary production potential and not an actual estimate of it. (from Ecosystem )
Image 13Sequence of a decomposing pig carcass over time (from Ecosystem)

Image 13Sequence of a decomposing pig carcass over time (from Ecosystem )
Image 14The Paris Agreement (formerly the Kyoto Protocol) is adopted in 2016. Nearly every country in the United Nations has signed the treaty, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (from Environmental science)

Image 14The Paris Agreement (formerly the Kyoto Protocol) is adopted in 2016. Nearly every country in the United Nations has signed the treaty, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (from Environmental science )
A color map of the lower third of the Florida peninsula showing Lake Okeechobee, compartments established by the Central & Southern Florida Flood Control Project, and Everglades National Park

Image 15Compartments established by C&SF projects that separated the historic Everglades into Water Conservation Areas and the Everglades Agricultural Area. One-fourth of the original Everglades is preserved in Everglades National Park. (from Restoration of the Everglades )
Image 16View of Earth, taken in 1972 by the Apollo 17 crew. Approximately 71% of Earth's surface (an area of some 361 million square kilometers) consists of ocean (from Ecoregion)

Image 16View of Earth, taken in 1972 by the Apollo 17 crew. Approximately 71% of Earth's surface (an area of some 361 million square kilometers) consists of ocean (from Ecoregion )
Image 17Rainforest ecosystems are rich in biodiversity. This is the Gambia River in Senegal's Niokolo-Koba National Park. (from Ecosystem)

Image 17Rainforest ecosystems are rich in biodiversity. This is the Gambia River in Senegal's Niokolo-Koba National Park. (from Ecosystem )
Image 18A protest against the Adani Carmichael mine, 2016 (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef)

Image 18A protest against the Adani Carmichael mine, 2016 (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef )
Image 19An Antarctic rock split apart to show endolithic lifeforms showing as a green layer a few millimeters thick (from Habitat)

Image 19An Antarctic rock split apart to show endolithic lifeforms showing as a green layer a few millimeters thick (from Habitat )
Color digital illustration of future water supply and management proposed by the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan: some agricultural areas have been restored to their natural state, more wells are dug into the Floridan aquifer, and levee borders are present between the Everglades and South Florida Metropolitan Area

Image 20Planned water recovery and storage implementation using CERP strategies (from Restoration of the Everglades )
Image 21A map of the Amazon rainforest ecoregions. The yellow line encloses the ecoregions per the World Wide Fund for Nature. (from Ecoregion)

Image 21A map of the Amazon rainforest ecoregions. The yellow line encloses the ecoregions per the World Wide Fund for Nature. (from Ecoregion )
Image 22Loch Lomond in Scotland forms a relatively isolated ecosystem. The fish community of this lake has remained stable over a long period until a number of introductions in the 1970s restructured its food web. (from Ecosystem)

Image 22Loch Lomond in Scotland forms a relatively isolated ecosystem. The fish community of this lake has remained stable over a long period until a number of introductions in the 1970s restructured its food web. (from Ecosystem )
Color digital illustration of recent water drainage in South Florida, showing a significantly diminished Everglades replaced by homes and agriculture; some wells are dug into the Biscayne aquifer and a deeper one into the Floridan aquifer. Under the most developed portion of the coastline the Atlantic Ocean is intruding on the Biscayne aquifer

Image 23Current water drainage patterns in South Florida in 2005 (from Restoration of the Everglades )
Image 24 A freshwater lake in Gran Canaria, an island of the Canary Islands. Clear boundaries make lakes convenient to study using an ecosystem approach. (from Ecosystem)

Image 24
A freshwater lake in Gran Canaria, an island of the Canary Islands. Clear boundaries make lakes convenient to study using an ecosystem approach.
(from Ecosystem )
A color photograph of a large cement structure on the C-38 Canal being destroyed with explosives

Image 25Structure 65B on the Kissimmee River is destroyed by the Corps of Engineers in 2000 to restore the natural flow of the river. (from Restoration of the Everglades )
Image 26A major coral bleaching event took place on this part of the Great Barrier Reef (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef)

Image 26A major coral bleaching event took place on this part of the Great Barrier Reef (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef )
Image 27Acropora with brown band disease, Lizard Island (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef)

Image 27Acropora with brown band disease, Lizard Island (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef )
Image 28Twenty-five years after the devastating eruption at Mount St. Helens, United States, pioneer species have moved in. (from Habitat)

Image 28Twenty-five years after the devastating eruption at Mount St. Helens, United States, pioneer species have moved in. (from Habitat )
Image 29The Shen Neng 1 aground on the Great Barrier Reef, 5 April 2010 (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef)

Image 29The Shen Neng 1 aground on the Great Barrier Reef, 5 April 2010 (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef )
Image 30Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World (Olson et al. 2001, BioScience) (from Ecoregion)

Image 30Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World (Olson et al. 2001, BioScience) (from Ecoregion )
Image 31Biological nitrogen cycling (from Ecosystem)

Image 31Biological nitrogen cycling (from Ecosystem )
Image 32Sea temperature and bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef)

Image 32Sea temperature and bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef )
Image 33Desert scene in Egypt (from Habitat)

Image 33Desert scene in Egypt (from Habitat )
Image of the Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Powell behind it

Image 34Environmental science examines the effects of humans on nature, such as the Glen Canyon Dam in the United States (from Environmental science )
Image 35Biodiversity of a coral reef. Corals adapt and modify their environment by forming calcium carbonate skeletons. This provides growing conditions for future generations and forms a habitat for many other species. (from Environmental science)

Image 35Biodiversity of a coral reef. Corals adapt and modify their environment by forming calcium carbonate skeletons. This provides growing conditions for future generations and forms a habitat for many other species. (from Environmental science )
Image 36Proportion of forest area by forest area density class and global ecological zone, 2015, from Food and Agriculture Organization publication The State of the World's Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people – In brief (from Ecoregion)

Image 36Proportion of forest area by forest area density class and global ecological zone, 2015, from Food and Agriculture Organization publication The State of the World's Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people – In brief (from Ecoregion )
Image 37WWF terrestrial ecoregions (from Ecoregion)

Image 37WWF terrestrial ecoregions (from Ecoregion )
Image 38The Ötztal Alps, a mountain range in the central Alps of Europe, are part of the Central Eastern Alps, and can both be termed as ecoregions. (from Ecoregion)

Image 38The Ötztal Alps, a mountain range in the central Alps of Europe, are part of the Central Eastern Alps, and can both be termed as ecoregions. (from Ecoregion )
Image 39A false color composite of the greater Boston area, created using remote sensing technology, reveals otherwise not visible characteristics about the land cover and the health of the surrounding ecosystems. (from Environmental science)

Image 39A false color composite of the greater Boston area, created using remote sensing technology, reveals otherwise not visible characteristics about the land cover and the health of the surrounding ecosystems. (from Environmental science )
Image 40A conifer forest in the Swiss Alps (National Park). (from Ecoregion)

Image 40A conifer forest in the Swiss Alps (National Park). (from Ecoregion )
Image 41Blue Marble composite images generated by NASA in 2001 (left) and 2002 (right) (from Environmental science)

Image 41Blue Marble composite images generated by NASA in 2001 (left) and 2002 (right) (from Environmental science )
Image 42Tropical Cyclone Larry over the Great Barrier Reef, 19 March 2006 (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef)

Image 42Tropical Cyclone Larry over the Great Barrier Reef, 19 March 2006 (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef )
A color photograph of three roseate spoonbills wading in shallow water with trees in the background

Image 43Roseate spoonbills, along with other wading birds, have decreased by 90% since the 1930s and 1940s. (from Restoration of the Everglades )
A color photograph of cattails growing in the Everglades

Image 44Cattails indicate the presence of phosphorus in the water. Cattails are an invasive species; they crowd out sawgrass and grow too thick to allow nesting for birds and alligators. (from Restoration of the Everglades )
Image 45Crown-of-thorns starfish and eaten coral off the coast of Cooktown, Queensland (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef)

Image 45Crown-of-thorns starfish and eaten coral off the coast of Cooktown, Queensland (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef )
Image 46The leaves of an Alnus nepalensis tree provide a microhabitat for species like the leaf beetle Aulacophora indica. (from Habitat)

Image 46The leaves of an Alnus nepalensis tree provide a microhabitat for species like the leaf beetle Aulacophora indica . (from Habitat )
Image 47Storage Silos on the Gladstone waterfront, an industrial area in the water catchment area (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef)

Image 47Storage Silos on the Gladstone waterfront, an industrial area in the water catchment area (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef )
Image 48Flora of Baja California desert, Cataviña region, Mexico (from Ecosystem)

Image 48Flora of Baja California desert, Cataviña region, Mexico (from Ecosystem )
Image 49The Earth's atmosphere (from Environmental science)

Image 49The Earth's atmosphere (from Environmental science )
A color photograph of several large trees overtaken by old world climbing ferns all the way to the top

Image 50Climbing ferns overtake cypress trees in the Everglades. The ferns act as "fire ladders" that can destroy trees that would otherwise survive fires. (from Restoration of the Everglades )
Image 51Trichodesmium bloom off the Great Barrier Reef (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef)

Image 51Trichodesmium bloom off the Great Barrier Reef (from Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef )
Image 52The Amazon River in Brazil. (from Ecoregion)

Image 52The Amazon River in Brazil. (from Ecoregion )
Image 53Rich rainforest habitat in Dominica (from Habitat)

Image 53Rich rainforest habitat in Dominica (from Habitat )
A color photograph taken from the air showing orderly sugarcane fields bordered by canals; to the south are the Everglades in a more natural state; in the center are a series of manmade cement ponds that act as stormwater treatment areas

Image 54Aerial view of stormwater treatment areas in the northern Everglades bordered by sugarcane fields on the right (from Restoration of the Everglades )
Image 55Rachel Carson published her groundbreaking monograph, Silent Spring, in 1962, bringing the study of environmental science to the forefront of society. (from Environmental science)

Image 55Rachel Carson published her groundbreaking monograph, Silent Spring , in 1962, bringing the study of environmental science to the forefront of society. (from Environmental science )

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Theodore Roosevelt

To waste, to destroy our natural resources, to skin and exhaust the land instead of using it so as to increase its usefulness, will result in undermining in the days of our children the very prosperity which we thought by right to hand down to them amplified and developed.

— Theodore Roosevelt

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Chemical structure of carbon dioxide

...that many countries that signed the Kyoto Protocol actually increased the greenhouse gas emissions, contrary to the treaty? And for that, the 15 January 2011, a representative of the country had to stick their head in a hole of sand in Cancun, Mexico?

... that the recycling symbol is based on the Möbius strip?

...that in 2004, the worldwide energy consumption of the human race was 15 TW (= 1.5 x 10¹³ W) with 86.5% from burning fossil fuel?

... that climate change scenarios , Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) were superseded by Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)?

... that Summer Rayne Oakes has been called "the world's first eco-model" because she only models clothes made from organic or recycled materials?

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Law
Resources
Fossil fuels (gas, peak coal, peak gas, peak oil)
Geothermal
Hydro
Nuclear
Solar
- sunlight
- shade
Wind

Land

Agricultural
- arable
  - peak farmland
Degradation
Field
Landscape
Law
- property
Management
- habitat conservation
Minerals
- gemstone
- industrial
- ore
  - metal
- mining
  - law
  - sand
- peak
  - copper
  - phosphorus
- rights
Soil
Use
- planning
- reserve

Life

Water

Types / location	Aquifer storage and recovery Drinking Fresh Groundwater pollution recharge remediation Hydrosphere Ice bergs glacial polar Irrigation huerta Marine Rain harvesting Stormwater Surface water Sewage reclaimed water Watershed
Aspects	Desalination Floods Law Leaching Sanitation improved Scarcity Security Supply Efficiency Conflict Conservation Peak water Pollution Privatization Quality Right Resources improved policy

Commons enclosure global land tragedy of Economics ecological land Ecosystem services Exploitation overexploitation Earth Overshoot Day Management adaptive Natural capital accounting good Natural heritage Nature reserve remnant natural area Systems ecology Urban ecology Wilderness
Resource	Common-pool Conflict (perpetuation) Curse Depletion Extraction Nationalism Renewable / Non-renewable
Politics	Oil war Petroleum politics Petrostate Petro-Islam Resource war

Category

v t e Social and environmental accountability
Ethics and principles	Aarhus Convention Climate justice Corporate accountability / behaviour / environmental responsibility / responsibility / social responsibility Dirty hands Environmental racism / in Russia / in the United States / in Western Europe / inequality in the UK / injustice in Europe Ethical banking Ethical code Extended producer responsibility Externality Harm Little Eichmanns Loss and damage Organizational ethics Organizational justice Pollution Principles for Responsible Investment Racism Social impact assessment Social justice Social responsibility Stakeholder theory Sullivan principles Transparency (behavioral social) UN Global Compact	Clean up after the Exxon Valdez oil spill
Social accounting	Corporate crime Double bottom line Ethical positioning index Higg Index Impact assessment (environmental equality social) ISO 26000 ISO 45001 Genuine progress indicator Performance indicator SA 8000 OHSAS 18001 Social return on investment Whole-life cost
Environmental accounting	Carbon accounting Eco-Management and Audit Scheme Emission inventory Environmental full-cost accounting / Environmental conflict / impact assessment / management system / profit-and-loss account ISO 14000 ISO 14031 Life-cycle assessment Pollutant release and transfer register Sustainability accounting / measurement / metrics and indices / standards and certification / supply chain Toxics Release Inventory Triple bottom line
Reporting	Global Reporting Initiative GxP guidelines Sustainability reporting
Auditing	Community-based monitoring Environmental (certification) Fair trade (certification) ISO 19011
Related	Bangladesh Accord Benefit corporation Child labour Community interest company Conflict of interest Disasters Disinvestment Eco-labeling Environmental degradation Environmental pricing reform Environmental, social, and corporate governance Ethical consumerism Euthenics Global justice movement Health impact assessment Market governance mechanism Product certification Public participation SDG Publishers Compact Social enterprise Socially responsible business Socially responsible investing Socially responsible marketing Stakeholder (engagement) Supply chain management
Environment portal Category Commons Organizations

v t e Recycling
Materials	Aluminium Asphalt Concrete Copper Cotton Energy Glass Gypsum Paper Plastic Refrigerant Scrap Timber Cooking oil Water
Products	Appliances Automotive oil Batteries Bottles PET bottles Computers Drugs Fluorescent lamps Lumber Mobile phones Paint Ships Textiles Tires Vehicles
Apparatus	Bins Blue bags Blue boxes Codes Collection Materials recovery facility Waste sorting
Countries	Rate by country Australia Brazil Canada Ireland Israel Japan Malaysia Mongolia Netherlands Switzerland Taiwan United Kingdom Northern Ireland United States
Concepts	Circular economy Dematerialization Downcycling Durable good Eco-industrial park Ecological design Extended producer responsibility Green economy Industrial ecology Industrial metabolism Interchangeable parts Land recycling Material flow analysis Precycling Product stewardship Recycling (ecological) Refill (campaign) Repairability Resource recovery Reusable packaging Reuse of bottles Reuse of human excreta Repurposing Reuse Right to repair Symbol (Green Dot) Upcycling Urban lumberjacking Waste hierarchy Waste minimisation Waste picking Wishcycling Zero waste
See also	Bottle cutting Cogeneration Composting Container-deposit legislation Dumpster diving Ethical consumerism Freeganism Pallet crafts Reverse vending machine Simple living Waste Waste-to-energy Waste collection Waste management law Waste management Water heat recycling Water recycling shower
Environment portal Category by country by material by product organizations Index Commons

v t e Biosolids, waste, and waste management
Major types	Agricultural wastewater Biodegradable waste Biomedical waste Brown waste Chemical waste Construction waste Demolition waste Electronic waste by country Food waste Green waste Hazardous waste Heat waste Industrial waste Industrial wastewater Litter Marine debris Mining waste Municipal solid waste Open defecation Packaging waste Post-consumer waste Radioactive waste Scrap metal Sewage Sharps waste Surface runoff Toxic waste
Processes	Anaerobic digestion Balefill Biodegradation Composting Durable good Ecological design Garden waste dumping Illegal dumping Incineration Landfill Landfill mining Mechanical biological treatment Mechanical sorting Photodegradation Reclaimed lumber Recycling appliance recycling battery recycling bottle recycling fluorescent lamp recycling land recycling plastic recycling textile recycling timber recycling tire recycling water heat recycling water recycling shower Repurposing Resource recovery Reusable packaging Right to repair Sewage treatment Urban mining Waste collection Waste transfer station Waste sorting Waste trade Waste treatment Waste-to-energy
Countries	Afghanistan Albania Armenia Australia Belgium Bangladesh Brazil Bosnia and Herzegovina Egypt Georgia Hong Kong India Israel Japan Kazakhstan New Zealand Russia South Korea Sri Lanka Switzerland Syria Tanzania Taiwan Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States
Agreements	Bamako Convention Basel Convention EU directives batteries Recycling framework incineration landfills RoHS vehicles waste water WEEE London Convention Oslo Convention OSPAR Convention
Occupations	Sanitation worker Street sweeper Waste collector Waste picker
Other topics	Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future China's waste import ban Cleaner production Downcycling Eco-industrial park Extended producer responsibility High-level radioactive waste management History of waste management Landfill fire Sewage regulation and administration Supervised injection site Toxic colonialism Upcycling Waste hierarchy Waste legislation Waste minimisation Zero waste
icon Environment portal Category: Waste Index Journals Lists Organizations

Things you can do

This list is transcluded from the tasks list page. To edit the list, click here

Here are some tasks awaiting attention:

Article requests : Article requests can be posted at: Natural sciences requests page, Create articles for red-links at Vertical kiln, Environmental behavior, Environmental perception, Environmental writing.
Copyedit : Ecosystem management
Expand : Environmentalist, Environment (biophysical), Environment minister, Environmental emergency, Habitat, Micro-sustainability, Built environment, Pohakuloa Training Area
Maintain : Environment pages needing attention , 2025 in the environment and environmental sciences, Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (delisted as GA)
NPOV : Glyphosate (see Talk:Glyphosate), Energy development, Hydraulic fracturing
Photo : Environmental chemistry
Stubs : Stub categories: Environment, Environmental organizations, International development, Renewable energy, Sustainability, Waste, Water supply, More...
Update : Ecosystem management, Renewable energy transition, List of highly toxic gases
Verify : Appropriate technology, Biosphere, Environmental economics, Environmental engineering, Environmental ethics, Environmental movement, Environmental science, Human overpopulation, Natural environment, Pollution, Sustainable agriculture
Other : * Articles needing expert attention: International development.
- Add links for the Environment portal in related articles: {{Portal|Environment}}

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Environment

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Introduction