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Hangul consonant and vowel tables

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Components of the Korean alphabet
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(June 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The following tables of consonants and vowels (jamo) of the Korean alphabet (Hangul ) display (in blue) the basic forms in the first row and their derivatives in the following row(s). They are divided into initials (leading consonants), vowels (middle), and finals tables (trailing consonants).

The jamo shown below are individually romanized according to the Revised Romanization of Hangeul (RR Transliteration), which is a system of transliteration rules between the Korean and Roman alphabets, originating from South Korea. However, the tables below are not sufficient for normal transcription of the Korean language as the overarching Revised Romanization of Korean system takes contextual sound changes into account.

Leading consonants

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Called choseong, or "initials", there are 19 initial consonants, whereof one (ᄋ) is silent, and five (ᄁ, ᄄ, ᄈ, ᄊ, ᄍ) are doubled:

Basic jamo Hangul
RR g/k n d r/l m b s -/ng j ch k t p h
Composite Hangul
RR kk tt pp ss jj

Medial vowels

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Called jungseong, or "vowels", there are 21 medial vowels:

Basic form +e/i
Basic jamo Hangul
RR a eo o u eu i ae e oe wi ui
y+ Hangul
RR ya yeo yo yu yae ye
w+ Hangul
RR wa wo wae we

Trailing consonants

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Called jongseong, or "finals", there are 27 final consonants; with the additional case of no final consonant, there is a total of 28 possibilities:

Basic jamo Hangul
RR g n d r/l m b s ng j ch k t p h
Composite Hangul
RR kk nj lg bs ss
Hangul
RR gs nh lm
Hangul
RR lb
Hangul
RR ls
Hangul
RR lt
Hangul
RR lp
Hangul
RR lh

Collation

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Several collation sequences are used to order words (like alphabetical sorting). The North and South differ on (a) the treatment of composite jamo consonants in syllable-leading (choseong) and -trailing (jongseong) position, and (b) on the treatment of composite jamo vowels in syllable-medial (jungseong) position.

This first sequence is official in South Korea (and is the basic binary order of codepoints in Unicode):

South Korean collation
Principle Sort every composite jamo grouped after their leading single jamo
Initial consonants

ᄀ ᄁ ᄃ ᄄ ᄇ ᄈ ᄉ ᄊ ᄌ ᄍ

Vowels

ᅡ ᅢ ᅣ ᅤ ᅥ ᅦ ᅧ ᅨ ᅩ ᅪ ᅫ ᅬ ᅮ ᅯ ᅰ ᅱ ᅳ ᅴ

Final consonants

ᄀ ᄁ ᆪ ᄂ ᆬ ᆭ ᄅ ᆰ ᆱ ᆲ ᆳ ᆴ ᆵ ᄚ ᄇ ᄡ ᄉ ᄊ

Sequences of this second type are common in North Korea:

North Korean collation
Principle Initial consonants: All single jamo (except ieung ᄋ) before all doubled jamo; ieung after the doubled jamo
Vowels: All single jamo before all composite jamo; for composite jamo, all digraphs before all trigraphs; for digraphs, the ones ending in ᅵ precede others.
Final consonants: Doubled jamo after single and composite jamo
Initial consonants

ᄀ ᄂ ᄃ ᄅ ᄆ ᄇ ᄉ ᄌ ᄎ ᄏ ᄐ ᄑ ᄒ ᄁ ᄄ ᄈ ᄊ ᄍ

Vowels

ᅡ ᅣ ᅥ ᅧ ᅩ ᅭ ᅮ ᅲ ᅳ ᅵ ᅢ ᅤ ᅦ ᅨ ᅬ ᅱ ᅴ ᅪ ᅯ ᅫ ᅰ

Final consonants

ᄀ ᆪ ᄂ ᆬ ᆭ ᄃ ᄅ ᆰ ᆱ ᆲ ᆳ ᆴ ᆵ ᄚ ᄆ ᄇ ᄡ ᄉ ᄋ ᄌ ᄎ ᄏ ᄐ ᄑ ᄒ ᄁ ᄊ

Hangul syllabic blocks

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"Hangul syllables" redirects here. For the Unicode block, see Hangul Syllables.

With 19 possible initial consonants, 21 possible vowels, and 28 possible final consonants (of which one corresponds to the case of no final consonant), there are a total of 19 ×ばつかける 21 ×ばつかける 28 = 11,172 theoretically possible "Korean syllabic blocks",[1] which are contiguously encoded in the 11,172 Unicode code points from U+AC00 through U+D7A3 in the Hangul Syllables Unicode block. However, the majority of these theoretically possible syllabic blocks do not correspond to syllabic blocks found in actual Korean words or proper names.

Jump to tables with initial letter:

Initial 
Final
Medial
갿
걿
겿
곿
괿
굿
궿
귿
긿
Initial 
Final
Medial
깿
꺿
껿
꼿
꽿
꾿
꿿 뀀
Initial 
Final
Medial
Initial 
Final
Medial
Initial 
Final
Medial
Initial 
Final
Medial
뤿
륿
릿
Initial 
Final
Medial
맿
먿
멿
몿
뫿
묿
뭿
뮿
믿
Initial 
Final
Medial
밿
뱿
벿
볿
봿
뵿
붿
뷿
븿
Initial 
Final
Medial
빿
뺿
뻿
뼿
뽿
뾿
뿿 쀀
Initial 
Final
Medial
Initial 
Final
Medial
Initial 
Final
Medial
Initial 
Final
Medial
줿
쥿
즿
Initial 
Final
Medial
짿
쨿
쩿
쪿
쫿
쬿
쭿
쮿
쯿
Initial 
Final
Medial
찿
챿
첿
쳿
촿
쵿
춿
췿
츿
Initial 
Final
Medial
칿
캿
컿
켿
콿
쾿
쿿 퀀
Initial 
Final
Medial
Initial 
Final
Medial
Initial 
Final
Medial

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Lee, Sung-jae. 한글 자모의 배열 순서 [The order of Korean alphabet]. National Institute of Korean Language (in Korean). Retrieved 3 June 2025.

Sources

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Single jamo
consonants (choseong or jongseong)
vowels (jungseong)
old consonants
old vowels (still used in the Jeju language)
Composite jamo
consonants (choseong or jongseong)
vowels (jungseong)
old consonants
old vowels (still used in the Jeju language)
old vowels
Encodings
Unicode
legacy/other

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