Ginkgoopsida
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Class of plants
| Ginkgoopsida | |
|---|---|
| Ginkgo biloba | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Ginkgophyta |
| Class: | Ginkgoopsida Meyen |
| Proposed orders | |
| |
Ginkgoopsida is a proposed class of gymnosperms defined by Sergei V. Meyen in 1984 to encompass Ginkgoales (which contains the living Ginkgo ) alongside a number of extinct seed plant groups, which he considered to be closely related based on similarities of morphology of pollen, seeds, cuticles, short shoots and leaves.[1] [2] [3] The validity of this group as a whole has been considered questionable by other authors, who consider that it is unlikely to be monophyletic.[4] Other authors have used the class as a monotypic grouping, including only Ginkgoales.[5] Some authors have used the clade Ginkgophyta to encompass both Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales/Leptostrobales, which are suggested to be closely related groups.[6]
References
[edit ]- ^ SV Meyen, Basic features of gymnosperm systematics and phylogeny as shown by the fossil record. Bot Rev 50, 1–111 (1984).
- ^ Meyen, Sergei V. (January 1987). "Evolution of Ginkgoopsida: from Peltaspermales to Ginkgoales, Leptostrobales and Caytoniales" . Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Actualités Botaniques. 134 (2): 67–76. doi:10.1080/01811789.1987.10826864. ISSN 0181-1789.
- ^ Herrera, Fabiany; Shi, Gongle; Ichinnorov, Niiden; Takahashi, Masamichi; Bugdaeva, Eugenia V.; Herendeen, Patrick S.; Crane, Peter R. (2017年03月21日). "The presumed ginkgophyte Umaltolepis has seed-bearing structures resembling those of Peltaspermales and Umkomasiales". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (12): E2385 – E2391. doi:10.1073/pnas.1621409114 . ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5373332 . PMID 28265050.
- ^ Beck, Charles B. (July 1985). "Gymnosperm Phylogeny — A commentary on the views of S. V. Meyen" . The Botanical Review. 51 (3): 273–294. doi:10.1007/BF02861076. ISSN 0006-8101. S2CID 7535841.
- ^ Yang, Yong; Ferguson, David Kay; Liu, Bing; Mao, Kang-Shan; Gao, Lian-Ming; Zhang, Shou-Zhou; Wan, Tao; Rushforth, Keith; Zhang, Zhi-Xiang (July 2022). "Recent advances on phylogenomics of gymnosperms and a new classification". Plant Diversity. 44 (4): 340–350. doi:10.1016/j.pld.202205003. PMC 9363647 . PMID 35967253.
- ^ Wang, Jing-Jing; Xin, Cun-Lin; Wang, Lu-Han; Zhang, Ya-Mei; Jiao, Zhi-Peng; Di, Guo-Yun; Liu, Song-Xin (2022年10月03日). "Numerical taxonomy of Ginkgophyta fossils in China" . Historical Biology. 34 (10): 2037–2052. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1999939. ISSN 0891-2963.