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#JavaScript (ES6) 92

Function getting and returning an integer in MSB. 
The implementation is straightforwrd following @randomra comment:

 - calc p3wrong|p2wrong|p1wrong (line 2,3,4) 
 - use it as a bit mask to flip the incorrect bit (line 1), 
 - then return just the data bits (last line)

<!-- language: lang-js -->

 F=w=>(w^=128>>(
 ((w/4^w/2^w^w/8)&1)*4|
 ((w/16^w/2^w^w/32)&1)*2|
 ((w/16^w/4^w^w/64)&1)
 ))&7|w/2&8

**Test** In Frefox/FireBug console

 ;[0b1110000,0b1100000,0b1111011,0b0110001,
 0b1011011,0b0101001,0b1010000,0b0100010]
 .map(x=>x.toString(2)+'->'+F(x).toString(2)))

*Output*

 ["1110000->1000", "1100000->1000", "1111011->1111", "110001->1011", "1011011->1010", "101001->1", "1010000->1000", "100010->10"]