Retina 0.8.2, 34 bytes
.*?(?=\w)(\w{10})*(\w*)(\.?)
$.23ドル
Try it online! Link includes test cases. Explanation: Skips over enough non-letters to reach the next word, then skips over multiples of 10 letters, then counts any remaining letters, and captures any ., outputting the number of remaining letters and any captured ..
Neil
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