Pear

Nepticulidae

1 Mine gallery with dispersed frass leading to blotch [8-4] Ectoedemia atricollis 29

Mine formed otherwise 2

2 Mine irregular usually with linear frass, though some slight coiling may be present, broader in second half, larva green [6-7+8-9] Stigmella minusculella 91

Mine with dispersed or coiled frass in second half 3

3 Mine relatively straight, extending across the leaf; larvae green with yellowish gut [9-10] Stigmella oxyacanthella 100

Mine strongly contorted and confined to a small area; larvae green with reddish gut
[7+9]
Stigmella pyri 101

Lyonetiidae

Mine a brown circular blotch with the frass forming darker spiral markings in the centre. Egg laid well away from margin [8-9] Leucoptera malifoliella 260

Bucculatricidae

Mine short contorted, linear black, close to a major vein. Later the larva eats out windows from upperside [7-8] Bucculatrix bechsteinella 275

Gracillariidae

1 Mine on upperside of leaf 2

Mine on underside of leaf 3

2 Blister anywhere on upper surface of leaf, flecked with blackish frass [7+9-10] Phyllonorycter corylifoliella 332

Blotch over midrib, silvery-white [7+10-4] Phyllonorycter leucographella 332a

3

Creased mine under leaf lower epidermis green [7+9-10] Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae 323

Mine long 20mm to 30mm, narrow between two lateral ribs with many longitudinal creases puckering the leaf [7+9-11] Phyllonorycter mespilella 325

Gelechiidae

Mine short near midrib, brown, irregular with scalloped edges, very little frass in mine, autumn only, larva feeds externally after hibernation [8-10] Recurvaria nanella 757