Hornbeam

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hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)
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Gracillariidae
1 Mine on upperside of leaf [7+9-10] Phyllonorycter esperella 343
Mine on underside of leaf 2
2 Mine subrectangular, distinctly inflated with a strong central crease, epidermis mottled; all parenchyma consumed but nervures remain, larva feeds later in a folded leaf-edge usually making two such folds [6-7+9-10] Parornix carpinella 302a
Mine elongate between veins usually not reaching leaf edge, strongly spun and arched; without reticulated appearance; lower epidermis green, larvae pale yellowish green with a light brown head [6-7+9-10]
Phyllonorycter tenerella 318
Mine between two veins with a strong central crease varying in length depending on spacing of veins often with more than one mine in a leaf; larvae yellow with anterior segments opaque whitish yellow with a brown head [7+10] .Phyllonorycter messaniella 321

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