Nepticulidae
Mine
in buds or twig bark [?-5]
Bohemannia
quadrimaculella 19
Mine
a gallery in the leaves with linear frass filling only one third
of mine [7+9-10]
Stigmella
alnetella 115
Mine
a gallery in the leaves frass dispersed or linear, filling two
thirds of the mine;
larvae with dark prothoracic plate [7+9-10]
Stigmella
glutinosae 114
N.B.
Extreme forms of each mine should be easy to determine, but mines
of an intermediate form could belong to either species. Tenanted
mines should present no problem, but the dark prothoracic plate
is not always easy to see.
Heliozelidae
Mine
in midrib, inconspicuous, then into a lateral vein and across
leaf back into midrib
finally cutting out a hole in leaf blade approximately 5 x 3mm
[6-9
Heliozela
resplendella 156
Bucculatricidae
Mine
long, narrow almost filled with black linear frass beside a vein,
later the larvae leaves the mine from upperside and eats out
windows from the underside of the leaf
[8-9]
Bucculatrix
cidarella 272
N.B.
early mine can be confused with that of a Nepticulidae, but egg
matt black and rough in appearance.
Gracillariidae
1
Mine
on upperside of leaf
2
Mine
on underside of leaf
3
2
Mine suboval contracting into a tube, upper cuticle silvery,
flecked with brown frass, later the larva feeds in a rolled leaf
[6-7]
Caloptilia
elongella 282
Mine
subcircular with strong central crease, but remaining flat, cuticle
pale green, sometimes discoloured brown, not flecked with brown
frass [7+9-10]
Phyllonorycter
stettinensis 357
(N.B. mines that do not have crease are hymenopterous)
3
Mine
on leaf margin about 10mm long with brownish lower cuticle. Larvae
feeding later
in folded leaf-edge [7-8]
Caloptilia
falconipennella 289
Mine
usually away from leaf-margin and more than 10mm long; lower
cuticle green;
larvae mine throughout
4
4
Mine
very large, extending from midrib almost to leaf margin; larva
grey; pupa in a
cocoon without frass in centre of mine [9-10]
Phyllonorycter
froelichiella 358
Mine smaller, not exceeding 20mm in length; larvae whitish
5
Pupae
in a cocoon not edged with frass
6
Usually
on other Alder species; pupa usually at one end of mine, larva
with pale yellowish tinge [9-10]
Phyllonorycter
kleemannella 360