2011$BG/$N

2012$BG/(B6$B7n(B2$B!A(B3$BF|(B $BBh(B42$B2sWB@12q5D(B in $BBgJ,(B $BF|=PD.(B

$B5HED(B $B@?0l(B / Seiichi Yoshida
comet@aerith.net
http://www.aerith.net/

$B"#(B$B$7$+$/(B$BL\
  • $BL@$k$/$J$C$??7WB@1(B
    • C/2009 P1 ( Garradd )
    • C/2011 W3 ( Lovejoy )
  • $B>CLG$7$??7WB@1(B
    • C/2010 X1 ( Elenin )
    • C/2012 C2 ( Bruenjes )
    • C/2012 E2 ( SWAN )
  • $BL@$k$/$J$C$?<~4|wb@1(b
    • 21P/Giacobini-Zinner
    • 27P/Crommelin
    • 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova
    • 78P/Gehrels 2
  • $B$=$3$=$3L@$k$/$J$C$?WB@1(B
    • C/2010 G2 ( Hill )
    • C/2011 Q4 ( SWAN )
    • 73P-C/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3
    • 213P/2005 R2 = 2009 B3 ( Van Ness )
    • 246P/2004 F3 = 2010 V2 ( NEAT )
    • P/2003 T12 = P/2012 A3 ( SOHO )
  • $B0lIt$N4QB,
  • C/2011 A3 ( Gibbs )
  • C/2011 M1 ( LINEAR )
  • C/2011 S2 ( Kowalski )
  • $BFC0[$J8wEYJQ2=$r8+$;$?WB@1(B
    • P/2010 R2 ( La Sagra )
    • C/2011 L2 ( McNaught )
    • 174P/(60558) 2000 EC98 ( Echeclus )
    • 240P/2002 X2 = 2010 P1 ( NEAT )
  • $B6aF|E@$rDL2a$7$?8e$KA}8w$7$?WB@1(B
    • C/2010 FB87 ( WISE-Garradd )
    • P/2010 JC81 ( WISE )
    • 164P/Christensen
    • 215P/2002 O8 = 2009 B5 ( NEAT )
    • 254P/2010 T1 ( McNaught )
  • $B:G8e$K(B
    • C/2011 L4 ( PanSTARRS )

    $B"#(B$B$7$+$/(B$BL@$k$/$J$C$??7WB@1(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2009 P1 ( Garradd )

    $B6aF|E@5wN%$O(B 1.55 A.U. $B$G$9$,!"@dBP8wEY$,(B 3.2 $BEy$HBg7?$NWB@1$G!"D94|$KEO$C$FL@$k$/8+$($^$7$?!#(B

    $B8wEYJQ2=$b0BDj$7$F$$$^$7$?!#8wEY<0$b!"e57?e*$jwb@1$n8wey<0$h$j$j$^$7$?!#(b

    m1 = 3.2 + 5 log$B&$(B + 10.5 log r

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2011 W3 ( Lovejoy )

    41$BG/$V$j$K8=$l$?!"%/%m%$%D72$NBgWB@1$G$9!#(B

    $BH/8+;~$N@dBP8wEY$O(B H10 = 15$BEy(B $B$G$7$?!#(B $B%\!<%h%k$n<0$g$o!"(b7$bey$h$j0e$$wb@1$o@8$-;d$l$^$;$s$n$g!">CLG$9$k$H;W$o$l$^$7$?$,!"M=A[$KH?$7$F!"BgWB@1$K$J$j$^$7$?!#(B

    15 log r $B$H$$$&!"6K$a$F5^7c$J%Z!<%9$ga}8w$7b3$1$^$7$?!#(b

    m1 = 15.5 + 5 log$B&$(B + 15.0 log r

    12$B7n(B16$BF|$N6aF|E@$N8e$O!"@dBP8wEY$,(B4.5$BEy$bL@$k$/$J$j$^$7$?!#(B

    m1 = 11.0 + 5 log$B&$(B + 15.0 log r

    $B6aF|E@A0$HF1$8$/!"(B15 log r $B$N%Z!<%9$g0e$/$j$c$f$$$-$^$7$?!#(b $BC"$7!"(B12$B7n(B20$BF|$K$O3K$,Jx2u$7$F$*$j!"$3$N8wEY<0$o!"k\bn$n3hf0ey$g$o$j$/!"%@%9%h$,3h;6$7$f$$$/mm;r$ri=$7$?$b$n$g$9!#(b

    $B"#(B$B$7$+$/(B$B>CLG$7$??7WB@1(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2010 X1 ( Elenin )

    4$B!A(B6$BEy$K$J$k$H4|BT$5$l$F$$$^$7$?$,!"(B8$B7n(B15$BF|:"$r6-$K!"Jx2u$7$F$7$^$$$^$7$?!#(B $B$3$N;~E@$G!"B@M[$K(B 0.8 A.U. $B$^$G@\6a$7$F$$$^$7$?!#(B $BJx2u$9$k$^$G$O!"M=A[$r>e2s$kB.$$%Z!<%9$ga}8w$7$f$$$^$7$?!#(b

    m1 = 8.5 + 5 log$B&$(B + 12.5 log r

    $B6aF|E@$r2a$.$?8e$b!"(B10$B7nCf$O!"6K$a$FC8$$%@%9%H$N;D8w$,B*$($i$l$^$7$?!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2012 C2 ( Bruenjes )

    $B$o$:$+(B2$B=54V$7$+4QB,$5$l$^$;$s$G$7$?!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2012 E2 ( SWAN )

    Terry Lovejoy$B;a$,;#1F$K@.8y$7$F$$$?!"$b$&(B1$B$D$N%/%m%$%D72$NWB@1$G$9!#(B C/2011 W3 ( Lovejoy ) $B$H$[$\F1$8L@$k$5$G$7$?$,!"$3$A$i$O6aF|E@$G>CLG$7$^$7$?!#(B

    Lovejoy$B;a$,;#1F$7$?(B3$B7n(B10$BF|$K$O!"B@M[$+$i(B 0.30 A.U. $B$G!"(B9$BEy$G$7$?!#(B $B@dBP8wEY$O(B H10 = 13$BEy$G$9!#(B

    $B$J$*!"(BC/2011 W3 ( Lovejoy ) $B$O!"B@M[$+$i(B 0.30 A.U. $B$K$J$C$?$N$O(B12$B7n(B11$BF|$G!"(B7$BEy$G$7$?!#(B $B$=$N;~E@$G$N@dBP8wEY$O!"F1$8$/(B H10 = 13$BEy$G$9!#(B

    $B"#(B$B$7$+$/(B$BL@$k$/$J$C$?<~4|wb@1(b

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B21P/Giacobini-Zinner

    $B2a5n(B3$B2s$N=P8=$G$O!"35$MF1$88wEYJQ2=$r8+$;$F$$$^$9!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B27P/Crommelin

    $B5^7c$KA}8w$7!"FMA3$K4c;k$GL@$k$/8+$($k$h$&$K$J$j$^$7$?!#(B 177P/Barnard 2 $B$H;w$F$$$^$9!#(B

    $B$7$+$7!"6aF|E@$N8e$O8:8w$,CY$/!"D9$$$3$HL@$k$5$rJ]$A$^$7$?!#(B

    • $B:4F#M55W;a$K$h$l$P!"(B9$B7n(B17$BF|$^$G(BSWAN$B$N2hA|$G8+$($F$$$^$7$?!#(B
    • $B4XJY;a$K$h$l$P!"IT3N$+$J$,$i!"(B11$B7n=i$a$K(B15$BEy5i$G$7$?!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova

    $B6aF|E@$NA0$O5^7c$KA}8w$7!"6aF|E@$N8e$O$d$d4K$d$+$K8:8w$7$F$$$/798~$,$"$j$^$9!#(B

    1995$BG/0J9_$N!"(B4$B2s$N=P8=$N8wEYJQ2=$r%W%m%C%H$7$^$7$?!#(B

    ($B6aF|E@A0(B) m1 = 14.2 + 5 log$B&$(B + 23.0 log r
    ($B6aF|E@8e(B) m1 = 12.0 + 5 log$B&$(B + 15.0 log r

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B78P/Gehrels 2

    $BA02s(B2004$BG/$HHf$Y$k$H$d$dL@$k$/!"A0!92s(B1997$BG/$N8wEYJQ2=$H!"NI$/0lCW$7$F$$$^$7$?!#(B

    $B"#(B$B$7$+$/(B$B$=$3$=$3L@$k$/$J$C$?WB@1(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2010 G2 ( Hill )

    2010$BG/(B8$B7nKv$H!"(B2012$BG/(B1$B7n=i$a$K!"%P!<%9%h$r5/$3$7$^$7$?$,!"a4bn$n8weyjq2=$k$o!"bg$-$j1f6a$o$"$j$^$;$s$g$7$?!#(b

    $B$?$@!"6aF|E@5wN%$,(B 1.98 A.U. $B$H1sJ}$NWB@1$G$9$,!"6aF|E@$N6a$/$GA}8w$7!"M=A[$h$j$b>/$7L@$k$/$J$j$^$7$?!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2011 Q4 ( SWAN )

    $BN%?4N($,(B 0.974 $B$ND9<~4|wb@1$i$7$/!"$d$d5^7c$j8weyjq2=$g$7$?!#(b

    m1 = 9.0 + 5 log$B&$(B + 20.0 log r

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B73P-C/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3

    1995$BG/$N%P!<%9%h0jmh!"@dbp8wey$,0e$/$j$jb3$1$f$$$^$7$?$,!":#2s$o!"a02s$hf1$8l@$k$5$g$7$?!#(b

    $B6aF|E@$ND>A0$K$J$C$FA}8w$,F_$C$?$3$H$^$G4^$a$F!"A02s(B2006$BG/$H!"$^$C$?$/F1$88wEYJQ2=$r8+$;$^$7$?!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B213P/2005 R2 = 2009 B3 ( Van Ness )

    $B8!=P;~$NL@$k$5$+$i$O!"(BH10 = 12.5$BEy(B $B$H$J$j!":GBg$G(B16$BEy;_$^$j$N7W;;$K$J$j$^$9$,!"5^A}8w$7$^$7$?!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B246P/2004 F3 = 2010 V2 ( NEAT )

    $BN%?4N($,(B0.285$B$H!"1_50F;$K6a$$$K$b$+$+$o$i$:!"6aF|E@$H1sF|E@$G$NL@$k$5$N:9$,$-$o$a$FBg$-$$WB@1$G$9!#(B

    2001$BG/(B7$B7n$KLZ@1$K@\6a$7!"6aF|E@5wN%$,(B 3.8 $B"*(B 2.9 A.U. $B$H>.$5$/$J$C$F!"(B2004$BG/$KH/8+$5$l$^$7$?!#(B 2007$BG/Kv$K5^8:8w$7$^$7$?$,!"(B2011$BG/$K5^A}8w$7!"(B2004$BG/$HF1$8L@$k$5$K$J$j$^$7$?!#(B

    $B"((B($BCm5-(B)$BNP?'$N8wEY6J@~$O!"(BH10 = 7.0$BEy(B $B$N8wEYJQ2=$G$9!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BP/2003 T12 = P/2012 A3 ( SOHO )

    2003$BG/$NH/8+Ev;~$+$i!"<~4|wb@1$n2dg=@-$,;xe&$5$l$f$$$?wb@1$g$9!#(b 2007$BG/Kv$N2s5"$O8+F($5$l$^$7$?$,!":FH/8+$5$l$^$7$?!#(B

    $B6aF|E@5wN%$,(B 0.57 A.U. $B$H!"B@M[$K6a$E$/C;<~4|wb@1$k$o$h$/$"$k$h$&$k!"5^7c$ja}8:8w$r$7$^$9!#(b $B$?$@!"@dBP8wEY$,6KC<$k0e$$$g$9!#(b

    m1 = 20.5 + 5 log$B&$(B + 25.0 log r

    $B"#(B$B$7$+$/(B$B0lIt$N4QB,

    $B$$$/$D$+$NWB@1$O!"0lIt$N4c;k4QB,

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2011 A3 ( Gibbs )

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2011 M1 ( LINEAR )

    $B$3$NWB@1$O!"6aF|E@$NA0$KJx2u!&>CLG$7$?$H;W$o$l$^$9!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2011 S2 ( Kowalski )

    $B:4F#1Q5.;a$,!">.5,LO$J%P!<%9%h$rb*$($f$$$^$9!#(b

    $B8wEY<0$o!"6af|e@$n(b30$bf|8e$k:gbg8wey$h$j$j!"$+$d!"(blog r $B$N78?t$,(B 7.5 $B$H>.$5$/$J$j$^$9!#(B

    $B"#(B$B$7$+$/(B$BFC0[$J8wEYJQ2=$r8+$;$?WB@1(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BP/2010 R2 ( La Sagra )

    $B%a%$%s%Y%k%HWB@1$G$9!#(B H = 17.5$BEy$,!"K\Mh$NL@$k$5$N$h$&$G$9!#(B

    $B$A$J$_$K!"(B2012$BG/$K:F4QB,$5$l$?(B P/2008 R1 ( Garradd ) $B$O!"(BH = 20.0$BEy$H$$$&0E$5$G$7$?!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2011 L2 ( McNaught )

    $B6aF|E@$rDL2a$7$?8e$O!"DL2aA0$h$j$b(B4$BEy$b0E$/$J$j$^$7$?!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B174P/(60558) 2000 EC98 ( Echeclus )

    2006$BG/$N%P!<%9%h0jmh!"(b5$bg/$v$j$k:f%p!<%9%h$r5/$3$7$^$7$?!#(b

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B240P/2002 X2 = 2010 P1 ( NEAT )

    2011$BG/(B4$B7n$K%P!<%9%h$r5/$3$7$?8e$o!"0[>o$KD9$$4V!"L@$k$5$rJ]$C$F$$$^$9!#(B

    $B%P!<%9%h$na0$n8weyjq2=$o!"(b20 log r $B$H$$$&5^7c$J$b$N$G$7$?$,!"%P!<%9%h$n8e$o!"5^8:8w$9$k$i$3$m$+!"0ja0$h$j$b8:8w$,4k$d$+$k$j$c$f$$$^$9!#(b

    $B"#(B$B$7$+$/(B$B6aF|E@$rDL2a$7$?8e$KA}8w$7$?WB@1(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2010 FB87 ( WISE-Garradd )

    $B6aF|E@$rDL2a$7$F$+$i!"(B240$BF|$b8e$K:GBg8wEY$K$J$j$^$7$?!#(B $BF|?45wN%$,(B 2.8 A.U. $B$N;~$h$j!"(B3.7 A.U. $B$^$G1s$6$+$C$?;~$NJ}$,L@$k$+$C$?!"$H$$$&$3$H$K$J$j$^$9!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BP/2010 JC81 ( WISE )

    $B6aF|E@$N(B130$BF|A0$K$O!"(B18$BEy$N(B($B$*$=$i$/(B)$B>.OG@1>u$G$7$?$,!"(B130$BF|8e$K$O!"(B14$BEy$NL@$k$$WB@1$K$J$j$^$7$?!#(B

    $B6aF|E@8e$N8:8w$O(B 15 log r $B$G!"0[>o$JCM$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B $B0l;~E*$J%P!<%9%h$g$o$j$/!"(bc/2001 OG108 ( LONEOS ) $B$N$h$&$J!"6aF|E@$ND>A0$^$G3hF0$;$:!"$[$H$s$I>.OG@1>u$N$^$^$G!"6aF|E@$NA08e$G5^7c$KA}8w!&8:8w$9$k%?%$%W$N$h$&$G$9!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B164P/Christensen

    $B6aF|E@$NA0$O!"M=Js$h$j(B3$BEy0J>e$b0E$+$C$?$N$G$9$,!"6aF|E@$N8e$O!"M=Js$I$*$j$NL@$k$5$K$J$j$^$7$?!#(B

    1997$BG/$H(B2004$BG/$N!"2a5n(B2$B2s$N=P8=$G$b!"$d$O$j!"6aF|E@$rDL2a$7$F$+$i!"$+$J$j8e$N;~4|$@$1!"4QB,$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B215P/2002 O8 = 2009 B5 ( NEAT )

    $BH/8+;~$b!":#2s$b!"6aF|E@$NH>G/8e$K:GBg8wEY$K$J$j$^$7$?!#(B

    $BC"$7!"H/8+;~$H:#2s$H$G$O!"A}8w$N%Z!<%9$,bg$-$/0c$$$^$7$?!#(b

    (2002$BG/(B) 50 log r
    (2010$BG/(B) 21 log r

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(B254P/2010 T1 ( McNaught )

    $B6aF|E@$H!"$=$N(B1$BG/8e$K!"F1$8L@$k$5$G4QB,$5$l$^$7$?!#(B

    1980$BG/$H(B2000$BG/$N=P8=$N5-O?$b8+$D$+$C$F$$$^$9$,!"$=$l$i$b$d$O$j!"6aF|E@$H!"$=$N(B1$BG/8e$N4QB,$G$9$N$G!"6aF|E@$rDL2a$7$?8e$KA}8w$9$k798~$,$"$k$h$&$G$9!#(B

    $B"#(B$B$7$+$/(B$B:G8e$K(B

    $B!|(B$B$/$m$^$k(BC/2011 L4 ( PanSTARRS )

    2013$BG/$N=U$K(B-1$BEy$NBgWB@1$K$J$k$H4|BT$5$l$F$$$kWB@1$G$9!#(B

    3$B7nH>$P$^$G!"M=A[$h$jB.$$%Z!<%9$ga}8w$7$f$$$^$7$?!#(b

    m1 = -1.8 + 5 log$B&$(B + 18.0 log r

    $B"((B($BCm5-(B)$B8=:_$N@dBP8wEY$O!"(BH10 = 4.0$BEy(B $B$G$9!#(B

  • AltStyle $B$K$h$C$FJQ49$5$l$?%Z!<%8(b (->$B%*%j%8%J%k(B) /