Appendix 2.
Grammatical Outline and Vocabulary of the Harari Language.

[Editor's note: This appendix is only partially available. The original contains a large number of Arabic characters that I cannot reproduce. Omissions are noted by <A>.]

Grammatical Outline.

Preliminary Remarks.

The caution necessary for the stranger who would avoid exciting the suspicions of an African despot and Moslem bigots prevented my making any progress, during my short residence at the capital, in the Harari language. But once more safe among the Girhi Mountains, circumspection was no longer necessary. The literati who assisted in my studies were a banished citizen of Harar; Sa'id Wal, an old Bedawi; and Ali Sha'ir, "the Poet," a Girhi Somal celebrated for his wit, his poetry, and his eloquence. I found the last most useful, and his linguistic sagacity enabled me to perform a feat of no ordinary difficulty, that of drawing out a grammatical sketch of the language. But time pressed, and few days remained for work. Our hours were spent in unremitting toil: we began at sunrise, the hut was ever crowded with Badawi critics, and it was late at night before the manuscript was laid by. On the evening of the third day, my three literati started upon their feet, shook my hand, declaring that I knew as much as they themselves did.

Returning to Aden, I was fortunate enough to find there a friend, Lieutenant Dansey, 1^st Bombay European regiment, who, seeing me embarrassed by preparations for an expedition, kindly volunteered to write out, and, with the assistance of one Farih Dibani, a Somali of the Habr Jul Jailah clan, to revise my notes. He spent much time and more trouble over his self-imposed task, and the attention which he bestowed upon each word may be considered a guarantee of accuracy.⁽³⁷⁵⁾

"Whether the scholars of the Hebrew, Ethiopic, and Arabic," I may remark in the words of M. Kraph ("Outline of the Kisuaheli Language," p. 6), "will derive any important aid from the knowledge of this tongue, is a question which I must answer in the negative; though it cannot be uninteresting to the Arabic scholar to observe the manner in which the Arabic has been amalgamated with the African language."

* * * * *

1. The people of Harar ignore the origin of their language. It probably dates from our mediæval time, when the Hadiyah Empire flourished upon the ruins of the Christian states. In the present day it is absolutely confined within the walls of the city, which is surrounded on all sided by Gallas. Through the medium of Harari the Arabic language and the religious sciences are explained to the inhabitants: almost all the women and not a few of the citizens can speak no other tongue. The numerous Somal who visit and temporarily settle at Harar usually learn some sentences. But few penetrate deep into the language: at this moment, in Aden, amongst about 2000, one only is found capable of revising the vocabulary.

2. The Harari appears, like the Galla, the Dankali, and the Somali, its sisters, to be a Semitic graft inserted into an indigenous stock.⁽³⁷⁶⁾ The pronouns, for instance, and many of the numerals are clearly Arabic, whilst the forms of the verb are African, and not unlike the vulgar tongues of modern India. Again, many of the popular expressions, without which conversation could not be carried on (e.g. Labbay, "here I am," in answer to a call), are pure Arabic. We are justified then in determining this dialect to be, like the Galla, the Dankali, and the Somali, a semi-Semite.⁽³⁷⁷⁾

3. The Harari is not a written language, and the Arabic character imperfectly expresses its sound. It excites our wonder to see tongues so elaborate, with rules of eloquence and a poetry cultivated after the canons of rhythm and rhyme, destitute of an alphabet.⁽³⁷⁸⁾ In Sind and India, on the contrary, every local variety of dialect has its own syllabarium modified from the Arabic or the Sanscrit. To account for the phenomenon, we must take refuge in some psychical cause hitherto unexplained. The Harari, when writing their songs and translations, use the Koranic character.

4. The pronunciation of the Harari dialect,⁽³⁷⁹⁾ unlike the soft Galla and Somali, is harsh and guttural; a fact which causes astonishment, as it is spoken in a warm climate and within walls, where men generally soften sound. The Arabic letter khá (<A>) is its characteristic.

* * * * *

The letters which require comment in this sketch are--

1. The Arabic hamzah or broken a' (<A>); e.g. ma'altu, day, bá'u, a merchant.⁽³⁸⁰⁾

2. A peculiar sound resembling chya (<Sanskrit>) in Sanscrit; e.g. koch (<A>) a eunuch. In pronunciation it is sometimes confounded with sh; e.g. abosh or aboch, a man.

3. The Arabic há (<A>); as in gih (<A>), a live coal; zikeh, gold.

4. The Arabic káf (<A>); as in kaytal (<A>), a ship: this sound is also common in Somali.

5. The Sanscrit l (l<Sanskrit>); as in hillu (<A>), truly.

6. The Sanscrit nasal n (<Sanskrit>); as in the pronoun Inyash (<A>), we.

7. The Cerebral t (4<Sanskrit>); as in the word át (<A>), a bone.

Like the Somali, the Harari tongue is remarkable for the hardness and the distinctness with which the consonants, those great discriminators of language, are articulated. To investigate this phenomenon, which has the peculiarity of varying according to the position of the letter, would lead me into a digression for which I have neither time nor space. Whenever a consonant is to be emphasized, it is denoted in the following pages by reduplication.

The system of orthography is the modified form of Sir W. Jones's alphabet: accents, however, have been used to denote the long vowels.

1. a is pronounced as in the English "hat."
2. á, as in "father."
3. ay, as in "hay."
4. áy, as in the Spanish "ay."
5. i, as in the English "if."
6. í, as ee in the English ''sheer.⁽³⁸¹⁾''

Of the Article.

5. The definite is like the indefinite article, inherent in the noun.

e.g. A horse and an ass; fares w wajayr.

The son of the king; nagárshí lijjay.

The following examples will show the peculiarity of this part of speech:--

A plate and the knife; Sehan wá masháh.
The town of Aden; Aden bád.
He went to the king; Nagárshí de hárá.
The child and the father; Lijjay wá au-zo (literally, his father).

Of the Noun.

6. The noun has two genders, Masculine and Feminine.

Masculine nouns may be converted into feminines by three processes. The first changes the terminal vowel into -it, or adds -it to the terminal consonant.

e.g. rágá, an old man; rágít, an old woman.

bushshí, a dog; bushshít, a bitch.

wasíf, a slave boy; wasífít, a slave girl.

Animals of different sexes have different names. and this forms the second process.

e.g bárá, an ox; lám, a cow.

The third and the most common way of expressing sex is by means of abosh (<A>), "male or man," and inistí (corrupted from the Arabic <A>), woman, " female.

They correspond with our " he-" and " she-."

e.g. faras, a stallion; inisti faras, a mare.

abosh baghl, a he mule; inisti baghl, a she mule.

7. The noun has two numbers, Singular and Plural. The affix -ásh changes singulars into plurals.

e.g. abosh, a man; aboshásh, men.

wandag, a servant; wandagásh, servants.

gár, a house; gárásh, houses.

Nouns ending in the long á become plural without reduplicating this letter.

e.g. gáfá, a slave; gáfásh (for gáfáásh), slaves.

gubná, a harlot; gubnásh, harlots.

When the singular terminates in the sound -ay, so common in the Somali and Harari dialects, the plural is formed by affixing -ásh to the consonant preceding that diphthong.

e.g. lijjay, a son; lijjásh (for lijjiásh), sons.

The same is the case with nouns terminating in í.

e.g. kabri, a grave; kabrásh (for kabriásh), graves.

When the singular ends in the soft sibilant, it is usually changed into z.

e.g. fares, a horse; farazásh, horses.

irás, a cloth; irázásh, cloths.

8. The noun in Harari, as in the Somali language, has no cases: the following is the way in which casal relations are expressed:--

Nom. and Acc., amír, a chief.

Dative, amír lay, to a chief.

Vocative, amir-o! O chief.⁽³⁸²⁾

Ablative, amír bay, or be, from a chief.

The Genitive case, as in the Somali, is expressed by simply prefixing the name of the person to the thing possessed.

e.g. The Amir's son, Amir lijjay (literally, Amir-son).

The Sultan's house, Sultán gár.
The gardens of Harar, Gay Harshásh.

To obviate the unintelligibility often arising from this formation, or rather absence of formation, the word zo or so (his) is sometimes added to the name of the thing possessed.

e.g. Ahmad's turban, Ahmad imamah-zo (literally, Ahmad his turban).
The Kazi's brother, Kází íh-zo.

Of the Adjective.

9. The adjective, like the noun, has no cases properly so called. In some instances they precede their nouns.

e.g. Táy barti, a black staff.

Gidor abbá, a tall man.

At other times they follow their substantives.

e.g. Shundud zikch, a golden necklace.

Majlis gidir, a large assembly.

Adjectives, like nouns, alter their terminations in the feminine form.

e.g. Uzn zalayla, a deaf man; in the feminine, Uzn zalaylit.

Kibrí zálá, a proud man; in the feminine, Kibrí zálí.

As in the Somali tongue, degrees of comparison are expressed by phrases, not by any change of the adjective.

e.g. Comparative. (This is greater than that.

(Yá be yí igadrí hal (lit. that than this great is).

Superlative. (This is the greatest.

(Yí jammí be igadrí hal (lit. this all than great is).

Of Numerals.

10. The following are the cardinal numbers:--

1. Ahad (<A>).
2. Kot.
3. Shíshtí.
4. Harad (<A>).
5. Hamistí (<A>).
6. Saddistí.
7. Sátí.
8. Sot or Sút.
9. Sehtan (Zehtayn).
10. Assir.
11. Ahad assir.
12. Kot wá assir.
20. Koyah.
30. Sáseh.
40. Arbaín (?).
50. Hamistí assir.
60. Siddistí assir.
70. Sát assir.
80. Sút assir.
90. Zehtaná or Sehtaná.
100. Baklá or Boghol (<A>, the Somali word).
1000. Kum (Somali) or Alfí (Arabic).

11. The ordinals are formed by affixing -khá to the numerals.

e.g. Ahad-khá, first. Harad-khá, fourth.

Kot-khá, second. Hamistí-khá, fifth.

Shíshtí-khá, third.

12. The fractional numbers are:

1/4 Ruba (Arab. <A>). 3/4 Shíshtíruba.

1/2 Nus (Ar. <A>) or Keni. 1/3 Shíshtísam.

Of Pronouns.

13. The system of pronouns in Harari, as in the Somali language, is artful and somewhat complicated. Like the Arabic it may be divided into separate and affixed. The separate or personal pronouns which have neither gender nor case are:--

Singular. Plural.

1^st Pers. Án (<A>). Innásh or Inyásh.

2^nd Pers. Akhákh (<A>). Akhákhásh (<A>)

3^rd Pers. Huwa (<A>).⁽³⁸³⁾ Hiyyásh.

14. The affixed pronouns or possessives attached to nouns are:--

Singular.

1^st Pers. - e, my or mine. e.g. Gár-e, my house.

2^nd Pers. - khá, thy or thine. Gár-khá, thy house.

3^rd Pers. - zo, or - so, his. Gár-zo, his house.

Plural.

1^st Pers. - zinya or sinya, our. e.g. Gár-zinya, our house.

2^nd Pers. - kho, your. Gár-kho, your house.

3^rd Pers. - zinyo or sinyo, their. Gár-zinyo, their house.⁽³⁸⁴⁾

In the same way attached pronouns are affixed to verbs:--

e.g. Sit-ayn, give (thou to) me.

Sit-ana, give (thou to) us.

15. The demonstrative pronouns are :

Sing. Yí, this.

Yá, that.

Plur. Yíásh, or yí'ach, these.

Yá'ásh, or yá'ách, those.

The interrogative pronouns are the following:--

Mántá (<A>), who?
Mintá (<A>), what?

17. The reciprocal pronoun is expressed in Harari, as in Somali, by naf. Another common word is atte,

e.g. Án atte hárkho, I myself went,
Akhákh attekh hárkhí, thou thyself wentest,
Huwa attezo háre, he himself went.

The Arabic word Ruh (<A> life or soul) is also used for "self " in such phrases as this:--

Mahatkho ruin-e, I smote myself.

Of Verbs.

18. The Harari verb, like the Somali, has only two tenses, a Past and a Present. The Future of the Indicative, as well as the Conditional and the Optative tenses, is formed by adding significant particles and the use of the substantive verb. The root is the 2nd person of the Imperative, and a Prohibitive is obtained by prefixing at (<A>), or by affixing mekh. In the negative forms, the Harari is more artfully constructed than the Somali verb.

19. The following are the two auxiliary verbs.

Past Tense.

(Affirmative Form.)

Singular. 1. I was, Án narkho (<A>).

2. Thou wast, Akhákh nárkhí.

3. He was, Huwa nárá.

Plural. 1. We were, Inyásh nárná.

2. Ye were, Akhákhásh narkhú (<A>).

3. They were, Hiyyásh nárú.

(Negative Form.)

Sing. 1. I was not, Án alnárkhúm (<A>).

2. Thou wast not, Akhákh alnárkhím.

3. He was not, Huwa alnárum.

Plur. 1. We were not, Inyásh alnárum.

2. Ye were not, Akhákhásh alnárkhúm.

3. They were not, Hiyyásh alnárúm.

Present Tense.

(Affirmative Form.)

Singular. Plural.

1. I am, Án halko. 1. We are, Inyásh halna (<A>).

2. Thou art. Akhákh halkhí. 2. Ye are, Akhákhásh halkhú.

3. He is, Huwa hal (<A>). 3. They are, Hiyyásh halú

(Negative Form.)

1. I am not, Án elkhúm. 1. Inyásh elnám.

2. Thou art not, Akhákh elkhím. 2. Akhákhásh elkhúm.

3. He is not, Huwa elúm. 3. Hiyyásh elúm.

Imperative.

Singular. Plural.

2. Be thou, Hal (<A>). 2. Be ye, Halkhú (<A>).

The second auxiliary has the sense of to become, and corresponds with "jirrah" of the Somal, who express "I am" by wá jogá, literally, "I stand."

Past Tense.

Sing. 1. I became, Án ikaní (<A>) náarkho.

2. Thou becamest, Akhákh tikání nárkhí.

3. He became, Huwa ikáni nárá.

Plur. 1. We became, Innásh nikání nárná.

2. Ye became, Akhákhásh tikání nárkhú.

3. They became, Hiyyásh ikání nárú.

Present Tense.

Sing. 1. I become, Án ikánákh (<A>).

2. Thou becomest, Akhákh tikánákh.

3. He becomes, Huwa ikánál.

Plur. 1. We become, Inyásh nikánáná (<A>)

2. Ye become, Akhákhásh tikánákhu.

3. They become, Hiyyásh ikánálú.

Imperative.

Singular. Plural.

2. Become thou, Kanni (<A>). 2. Become ye, Kánnú (<A>).

Prohibitive.

Sing. 2. Become not, ikánnimekh (<A>).

Plur. 2. Become not ye, ikánnumekh ( <A>).

23. The following is a specimen of a verb regularly conjugated.

Past Tense.

(Affirmative Form.)

Sing. 1. I went, Án letkho.

2. Thous wentest, Akhákh letkhí.

3. He went, Huwa leta (<A>).

Plur. 1. We went, Inyásh letna (<A>).

2. Ye went, Akhákhásh letkhú.

3. They went, Hiyyásh letú.

(Negative Form.)

Sing. 1. I went not, Án alletkhúm.

2. Thou wentest not, Akbákh alletkhím.

3. He went not, Huwa alletám.

Plur. 1. We went not, Inyásh aletnám.

2. Ye went not, Akhákásh alletkhúm.

3. They went not, Hiyyásh alletúm.

Present Tense.

(Affirmative Form.)

Singular. Plural.

1. I go, Án iletákh (<A>) 1. Inyásh niletáná.

2. Thou goest, Akhákh tiletínakh 2. Akhákhásh tiletákhú.

3. He goes, Huwa yiletál 3. Hiyyásh yiletálú.

(Negative Form.)

Sing. 1. I go not, Án iletumekh.

2. Thou goest not, Akhákh tiletumekh.

3. He goes not, Huwa iletumel.

Plur. 1. We go not, Inyásh niletumens.

2. Ye go not, Akhákhash tiletumekhú.

3. They go not, Hiyyásh iletuelú.

As in the Somali tongue and in the Semitic dialects generally, the Present serves for a Future tense: "I go," for "I shall or will go." A definite future is formed in Harari by adding the substantive verb to a participial form of the verb required to express futurity; e.g.

Sing. 1. I will go, Án iletle halkho.

2. Thou wilt go, Akháhk tiletle halkhí.

3. He will go, Huwa iletle hal.

Plur. 1. We will go, Inyásh niletle halns.

2. Ye will go, Akhákhásh tiletle halkhú.

3. They will go, Hiyyásh niletle halns.

Imperative.

Singular. Plural.

2. Go thou, Let. 2. Go ye, Leté.

Prohibitive.

2. Go not thou, At let. 2. Go not ye, At letú.

Participles.

Going Yiletál (<A>) Not going, Iletumel.

Gone, Itletle.

* * * * *

Dialogues and Sentences.

Art thou well? Amánta khí?
Are ye well? Amánta khú?
Madam (to elderly female). Abbáy.
Sir. Abbá. Yá Sayyidí.
Are you well this morning? Amán hadarkhú?
Are you well this evening? Amán wa'alkhú?
Good morning. Amán be kero.
Good night. Amán be hedero.
I am well. Amán íntaná.
I am unwell. Nattú halbaná.
What is the matter with you? Min aganyekh?
Is your family well? Gár hawázum amánta khú?
I am better. Orintáy.
What news to-day? Hújí min war hal?
Good news to-day. Amán intá hújí.
It is cooler to-day than yesterday. Tájíná be hújí baradtá.
The air is cold. Dúf bárid intá
Come in and sit down. Ná tageb.
What is thy name? Sumkhá mintá?
Come here (to woman). Lakambay.
Dost thou drink coffee? Bun tiseshákbi?
I want milk. Háy ikháshakh.
Is water to be had here? Mí halí ye atáybe
Where goest thou? Ayde tahurákh?
I go to Harar. Gay uburákh.
Send away the people. Walamosh yí uso'o.
I love you. An waded khúsh.
What is shine age? Karníkha aygay sintá?
Don't laugh. Asehak.
Raise your legs. Igir hafúshí.
Don't go there. At her yadde.
This man is good. Yí abbá korám intá.
He is a great rascal. Huwa gidir harámintá.
I don't want you (woman). Ikháshá shúmekh.
Go from this. Let yibí,--Jehannam har.
Leave my house. Gár-e be witá.
Farewell ! Allahu le amánat! (literally, "In Allah's charge.")
Allah pardon thee! Aufi ashkbúkh!
What is the price of this coffee? Yí bun min be-tasímakh?
Five ashrafi⁽³⁸⁵⁾ a bale. Ahad firasilah hamisti ashrafí.
This is dear. Yí gál intá.
This is very cheap. Yí kanná rakhís intá.
Give me bread. Sitain úkhát.
I will beat thee. Án imet akhákh.
I will not give. Án istámekh.
I am hungry. Ráhábenya.
I am thirsty. Tararenya.
I am tired. Dálágenya.
Where is thy house? Aydenta gárkhá?
I have much to do to-day. Húji bajíh habí halbayn.
We are about to travel. Safar nahuráná.
How large is Harar? Gay aygay sintá?
How far from this to Harar? Yí atáy wá Gay aygay sintá?
How many people at Harar? Gáy uso'o aygay sintá?
Dost thou know him? Akhákh tokakhí?
Dost thou know Arabic? Arab sinán tokákhí?
I don't know it. An úkumekh.
Hold my horse. Faras lahadlayn.
The price of this horse is a hundred dollars. Yí fares baklá kirshi⁽³⁸⁶⁾ yakúchál.
There is. Hal.
What delayed you? Min lahadekh?
Is this knife thine? Yí masháh dínatkhánta?
How many horses hast thou? Misti farazásh halakh?
He killed him with a knife. Nifti bayn gadalú.
Open the door. Argabgí fitah.
Shut the door. Argabgí igad.
Fill my pipe. Gáyá milálayn.
Where is the book? Belá kitáb?
It is in the box. Sandúk bayn halt
What o'clock is it? Min sá' ante?
It is one P.M. Zohr be ahad sá' ate hará.
It is new moon. Warhe bakalá.
The sun is eclipsed. Khusúf khána irr.

Specimen of a Song in Harari.

Bukáhá, bukáhá wá tazkirat bukáhá:
Nabi bakale surúre fankazebay.
Alif lám kutub zál be diú wá ímánin tutúr.
Sabrí wá salátin tutúr.
Hamistáyn zobe nabbí azíowin tutúr.
Nabbi gárkho be, gár kho zarára be
Jannat shíre be, nabbí afosha be
Allah! iláhíyo, hurtay maláhiyo!

Translation.

I weep, I weep, and I weep with (fond) remembrance,
(Thinking of) the Prophet's mule (he sitting) beautiful upon her back.
Alif-lám was written, faith and religion carrying,
Patience and prayer carrying,
(For the) fifth time the Prophet carrying,
The Prophet from his house, from the enclosure of his house,
To the midst of Paradise, the Prophet near--
Allah! O my Allah! near him place us!

The names of the months are:--

1. Ashúrá (meharram).
2. Safarwarhe.
3. Harar maulúd (including the two Rabia and the two Jamádí.)
7. Rajab.
7. Sha'abán.
9. Ramazán.
10. Shawwál.
11. Zulka'adah.
12. Zulhijjah.

* * * * *

Corn, holcus, and other grains are sold by this measure:

9 Handfuls= 1 Sugud (<A>).
5 Sugud= 1 Tít tárad (<A>).
6 Tít tárad= 1 Tárad.

The usual measures of length are:

Zumzurti (<A>), the span.
Kúrú (<A>) , the cubit.

The common weights are:

Nuss Ratli, the half pound.
Ratli, the pound.
Nuss farásilah, ten pounds.
Farásilah, the maund, twenty pounds.

Vocabulary.

N. B.--In the following pages, A. denotes that the word is pure Arabic; A.c. corrupt Arabic; Amh. Amharic; S. Somali. The mark (?) shows that the word is uncertain.

Abandon, v. Giffarr ( <A>).

Abdomen Karsí (A. c.).

Abide Tageb

Abode Gár

Above Lá'ay (<A>)

Absence Zalaylkho

Abuse Masdab

Accumulate Sámtí

Adulterer Fásik (A.), fem. Fásikít

Afraid Fírat

After Ehirr

Afternoon Asrí. Asr (A.)

Age Umri (A)

Air Dúf

Alive (well) Or (<A>)

All Jammí

Also (thus) Azzokút

Always Dáime (A.)

Amir's wife Gístí

Ancient Rágá, fem. Rágít

Angel Maláikah (A.)

Anger, s Ghazab (A.)

Angry Ghazbán (A.)

Another Alái (<A>)

Answer Jawab (A.)

Ant (black) Chúch

Ant (white) Kaynhúr

Arise, v. Halfbal

Arm Íji (<A>)

Arm-pit Kilkílát

Army Mákhedá (<A>) Askar (A.), Amír Askar, the Amir's army.

Arrow Láwá

Artificer Sáigh (A. esp. " goldsmith")

Ash (ashes) Hamad, pl. Hamadásh

Ask Athebrí (?)

Asleep Manyít

Ass Wajayrá

Ate (pret.) Balá

At once Ahad sá'ah (A.)

Aunt (maternal) Ikhistá

Aunt (paternal) Anna (<A>)

Avaricious Bakhíl

Awake Hafbal

Away! (begone!) Let!

Axe Kalká, pl. Kalkásh.

Back Háchí

Bad Yegassí

Bag Kís (A )

Baggage Mahawá

Baker Ukhát-Zálí (fem. as only women sell bread).

Ball (bullet) Rasás (A.).

Band Nází (the black satin ribbon worn by women round the head to fasten the fillet which contains the hair).

Band Nagarat (the Amir's kettle-drums, beaten at the hour of night prayers, as tocsin in times of danger, at the two festivals, and whenever the Prince leaves the palace)

Barren (women) Zat wilat, Goblan

Barter Manáwat

Base Yegassí

Basket Mudáí

Bath, s. Sagará (prop. a privy).

Bathe Háteb

Battle Gádal

Bazaar Magálah

Beard Daban

Beat (kill) Mahat

Beautiful Korám. Kor-zálah, fem. Korzálí

Bed Firásh (A.)

Bedstead Dúfán

Bee Nijját, Akús (?).

Beef Lám Basar

Beer (boozah) Gohay. (Dakhbí is beer mixed with mead.)

Before Aykad (<A>). "In early part of," Nadí (<A>)

Beggar Sakadad-báy (A.c. <A>)

Behind Ehirr

Behold, v Hayj

Belly Kars (A. c.)

Below (beneath) Taháy (<A>)

Bet Shart (A.)

Beyond (outside) Káchí

Bile Safrá (A.)

Bird Úf, plur. Úfásh

Bitch Bushít (Bushshít)

Bitter Marrí (A. c.<A>).

Black Táy

Blacksmith Tumtú

Blind, adj. Ín-zalaylá, fem. Ín-zalaylít

Blood Dam (A )

Blood-money Diyah (A )

Blunt, adj. Dumdum, bárid (A.)

Boat Za'ímah (A.)

Body Kám (A. c. <A>)

Bone At (<A>)

Book Kitáb

Bottle Kirárat (A. c.)

Bow Digáu

Box Sátán (?).

Boy (son) Lijjay

Bracelet (ivory) Áj (A.)

Bracelet (mans) Mál dáyá (the pewter armlet of a Galla chief)

Bracelet (woman's) Shánkháyt

Brain Hangullá

Bran (chaff) Hanshar

Brave Gisí (S.), ishullo (?)

Bread 'Ukhát

Break Síbarr

Breast (girl's) Kunná

Breeches Gannáfí, Kannáfí (?)

Bride Arúzít (A.c.)

Bridegroom Arúz (A. c.)

Bring Adej

Broadcloth Júh (<A>; Ar. <A> Jokh).

Broken Dallál (A.)

Brothers Ih (<A>, A c.).

Bug Tukhán (A. c.)

Bull Bárá

Burn, v. imp. Mágdí

Burnt Mágad

But Lákin (A.).

Butcher Suwíyyá (A.)

Buttocks Fuddí (S.)

Buy Khab (<A>)

Buying and selling Mokhab

By all means Lá budd (A.)

By fair means Amán be.

By foul means Yegassí be.

Calf, m. Rahas

Carpenter Najjár (A.)

Carpet Firásh(A.). Prayer-carpet, Sijjájah (A. c.)

Camel Gamaylah (A. c.), fem. Gamaylit

Cannon Madfá (A.)

Cat Adúrrú, Adan (?).

Cathedral Jámi (A.).

Cattle Dínat.

Certainly Dirkhí (S.).

Chain Silsilah (A.).

Change (barter) Manáwat.

Charcoal Kasal.

Charm (talisman) Kirtás (A.).

Cheap Rakhís (A.).

Child Waldí (A. c.), pl. Wildásh.

Cinnamon Korfá (A. c.).

Circumcision Absum.

Citron Turungá (A. c.).

City Magálah.

Clarified butter Nazíf (A.).

Clay Chebá.

Clean Muk ishísh.

Climb, v. Isal.

Cloth (man's "obe") Irás, pl. irázásh.

Cloth (woman's) Gúlúbáy (worn out of doors over the head). "Láy morad" is that thrown over the shoulders.

Cloth (man's shirt) Gidir kamís

Clouds Dánah

Clove Korunful (A.)

Club Gidir bartí

Coal (live) Gih

Coffee Bun (A.). "Kutti" is the decoction of the leaf drunk by the Hararis

Cold (catarrh) Hargab

Cole adj. Birdí (A. c.)

Colour Jinsí (A. c.)

Comb Filá (S. firin)

Come! Ná!

Containing (doing) --Zála

Cook (man) Dirig-zálá, Lelí (?)

Cook (woman) Dirig-zálí, Kibábah-zálí

Cooked Khánah

Cooking-pot (earthen) Makáto

Copper Nihás (A.)

Coral Murjain (A. c.)

Corpse Janáis (A. c.)

Corn Ays (A. c. ?)

Corn Indian Arab ikhí, lit. Arab holcus

Corn(Indian roasted) Arab ikhí únká

Cotton Tút (<A>)

Cough Úh (<A>)

Court-yard Katam barí

Cousin (female) Zer kahat

Cousin (male) Zer waldí, pl. Zer waldásh

Cow Lám

Cow (milch) Háy-zálí

Coward Wahaylo, fem. Wahaylít

Creeper Táj (so called when worn by men upon their turbands and women upon their fillets)

Crepitus Fas (A.)

Crooked Wandállá

Crow Kurrá

Cubit Kúrú

Cultivation Zará (A )

Cultivator Argatá (opposed to "Gallá," a Nomad)

Cummin seed Kamún (A )

Cup Geb

Cupping-horn Mahgút (Mahgút-ináí is the operator)

Cut Koch

Cuts (in cheek) Makdad (beauty-marks)

Dagger Shotal

Daily Jammí yámúm

Dance Fakarr

Danger (fright) Firít

Darkness Jilmah (A. c.)

Date (the fruit) Timir (A. c.). "Barni" is the Maskat date; "Sehárí" the small black date; "Farad" the large and juicy red variety

Daughter Kahat

Day Ma'altú

To-day Hújí

Yesterday Tájená

Third day ago Sestiná

Fourth day ago Rátiná

Day after to-morrow Sestá

Third day hence Ra'atá

Fourth day hence Zirabe'itá (?)

Fifth day hence Zikurkustá (?).

Dead (man) Janáis (A. c.); Mayyit (A.)

Deaf (man) Uzn-zalaylá

Deaf (woman) Uzn -zalaylít

Deaf and dumb Dúdah, fem. Dúdít; it also means idiotic.

Dear, adj. Ghálí (A.); Kímah tabig

Death Maut (A.)

Debt Mugot

Deer Waydalí

Delay Kaláh (<A>)

Denial Nakír (A.); Háshá (A.)

Deponent (witness) Rágá

Deposit Amánat (A.)

Descend, v. Wirad (?)

Descent Maurad

Desert, s. Udmá bád

Desert, adj. Udmá (generally applied to land without trees)

Deserving Wájib (A )

Desire (want) Fáj

Devil (Satan) Iblís (A.); Shaytán (A.)

Devil (sand-storm) Dúf

Die (dice) Lafo (S.)

Difficult Tabíg

Dig Hifarr. (A. c.); Khirr (?)

Dirt Wasakh (A.)

Discharge (release) Gifarr

Disease Mattú

Disease (venereal) Jabtú (S. Jabtí)

Dish Sehní (A. c.)

Dish-cover Mot; mo'ot (generally made of plaited straw)

Distant Ruhuk (<A>)

Ditch (pit) Chayr

Doer (masc. or fem.) Ináí (?).

Dog Bushshí

Dollar Karshí (Ar. Kirsh)

Door Gebtí

Doubt Shakk (A.)

Doubtful Shakanyá (A. c.)

Dream Birzáz

Dress Libáshá (A. c.); Irázásh

Dried Daraká

Drink, v Sích

Drinkables Mashjá

Drug Dawá (A.)

Drum Karabú

Drummer Karabú-zálá

Drunk (intoxicated) Sakhrá (A. c.)

Dry, v. Darak; Darag

Dumb, masc. Jabaká; arrát-zalaylá

Dumb, fem. Jabakít; arrat-zalaylít

Dust Sísá (Sesá S.)

Dwarf, masc. Hajayr

Dwarf, fem. Hajayrít

Each Ahad (A. c.)

Ear Uzn. Uzun (A. c.)

Ear-ring Faror

Earth Dashí (Tashshí ?)

East Írrtúj

Easy Yasír (A.)

Eat! v Bilá

Eatables Mablá. "Eatables and drinkables," mablá wá mashjá

Egg Ukoh (<A>)

Eight Sot

Eighth Sotkhá

Eighty Sot assir

Elder, eldest Gidirr

Elephant Dukhun

Eleven Assir ahad

Eloquent Tihayn

Employment Habí

Empty Kof

End! (finish!) Tabosh

Ended Tabayyá

Enemy Díná

Enough Hidak. Yokál

Envy Husúd (A.)

Envious Hasíd (A.c.)

Escape Sik

Eunuch Koch. Towásh (A.)

Evening Mashá (A.)

Every Jammí (A. c.)

Everything Jammí Shiyún (A. c.)

Evidence Rágá

Exchange Manáwat

Expense Farzí

Eye Ín (A. c.)

Eyelash Ín chigar

Face Fít

Fæces Gaf: Kaf (S.)

Faith (religion) Dín (A.)

Fall, v. Widak

False Kizbányá

Fame Námús (A.)

Fan (fly-flapper) Zimbi Marwahah (A.)

Far Ruhug

Farewell! Amán! (A.)

Farmer Harrásh.

Fast, adv. Fitan.

Fast, s. Soman (A. c.)

Fat (strong) Jabábir (A. c.); Kassá (S.) Wadal.

Fate Ayyám (A.)

Father Áwa

Fault Ghalat (A.)

Fear! v. Fir

Fearful Fírat

Feather Bállí (S. Bál)

Feet Ingirásh. Pl. of Ingir

Female Inistí (A. c. ?).

Fetch Adej

Fetters Ingir birat

Fever Wiyí nattú

Few Tinne'o

Fillet (for woman's hair) Gúftá

Finger Atabinyá. Pl. Atábinyásh

Fire Isád

Fire-wood Mamágad

First Ahadkhá

Fish Túlam

Fist Dubuj

Five Hamistí

Fifth Hamistikhá

Fifty Hamistí assir

Flag Álan (A. c. and S.)

Flea Kunáj; Takfí(?); injir bodo(S.)

Flesh Basar

Fly Zimbí (A. c.)

Fodder Sa'ar

Food Mablá

Fool Jinám (A. c.)

Foot (leg) Ingir

Footstep Hardá

Force Tákh (A. c.)

By force Yegassí be

Forehead Fi'it

Fort Kalaí gár; darbí-gár

Forty Arbaín (A.)

Foul (impure) Najis (A.)

Four Harad; harat

Fourth Haratkhá

Fowl Atáwág, fem. atáwágít

Friend Rafík (A.); marren (?)

Frog Ankuráratí

From Be; bay

Full Mullu (?)

Gall (bile) Safrá (A )

Game Dabál (esp. the La'ab al-Khayl)

Gambler Kammár (A.)

Garden Harshí

Gardener Harshi-wandag

Garlic Tummá (A. c.); ton (S.)

Gate Bárí (A.)

Gate-keeper Bárí-goitá

Gather, v. Sámtí

Gazelle Sagáro (S.)

Generous Sakhí (A.)

Generosity Sakháwat (A.)

Get up! v. Hafbal

Gift Hadiyah (A.); mastá (?)

Ginger Zanjabílí

Giraffe Girhí (S.)

Girl (marriageable) Wahashí. Pl. Wahashi'ách

Girl (aged) Gidir Wahashí

Puella suta Duffun Wahashí (sicut est mos Somalorum et nationis Gallæ)

Puella aperta Kufut Wahashí

Girl (slave) Wasifít; Amharet

Girl Kahat.

Give, v. Sit (S.)

Glad Tass; tasstass

Glass (cup) Kás (A.)

Glass (looking) Murá'it (A. c.)

Glass (bootle, black) Kirárat Táy

Glass (red) Kayh (<A>)

Glory Námús (A.)

Glue (gum) Mukát

Go! v. Let (to a woman, Lechí)

Gone (pret.) Letá

Let go! Hidak; Gifarr

Goat (he) Kurmá

Goat (she) Dau

God Goita. N.B.--The Argobbas call the Supreme Being "Gaeto," the Gallas "Goite" or "Wák," and the Somal "Aybah" (<A>)

Gold Zikeh (A. c.)

Goods Maháwá

Good Korám

Good news War amán

Governor Nagáshí

Grandfather Bábá

Grandmother Ummá

Grape Anab (A.)

Grass Sa'ar

Grass-cutter (sickle) Záhabí

Gratis Bilásh (A.)

Grave Kabrí (A.); Plur. Kabrásh

Grave (saint's) Awásh Kabrí

Gravel Ún

Great, adj. Gidír

Greatest Jammí be Gadrí

Green Dámá: fem. Dámít. Akhzar (A.)

Groom Záhabí

Ground Tashshí. (?)

Ground (sloping) Gobaná

Guest Nugda

Guide Úga yúkzalinta (?)

Guinea Fowl Zikrá

Gum Mukát

Gun Nifti

Gunpowder Bárúd (A. c.)

Habitation Gár

Hail, s. Ún Zináb

Hail, v. Amán bidíchkhú

Hair Chigar

Hair (pecten) Foch chigar

Hair-pin (woman's) Filá

Half Nuss (A. c.): Kení

Hammer Madoshá; Buruj (?)

Hand Ijí

Handful Mahfass; Antobo (?)

Handwriting Kitab

Hang (tie, v.) Igad; Balnaya (S.)

Harbour Marsá (A.)

Hare Askokí; Bakhayla (S.)

Harlot Gubná

Haste! Fitan

Hatchet Kalká

Hay Sa'ar

Head Urus (A. c.)

Health Áfet (A. c.)

Hear Simá (A. c.)

Heart Wazanah

Heavy Razín (A )

He Huwa

Heel Kúb (A. c.)

Heir Yurs Zálintá. (The Arabic word "Mirás" is used for a legacy.)

Hell Azáb (A.); Jahanam (A.)

Here Idday. "Here I am," Labbay (A.)

High (tall, long) Gidorr

Hill, s. Sarí

His Zo or So

Ho! Yábú (S.); Akhákh yá

Hog Hariyyá

Holcus Sorghum Ikhí

Hole Gadú

Holloa! Akhákh yá

Honey Dús

Hoof Ingir

Horn (beast's) Karr (A. c.)

Horn (cupping) Mahgút

Horse Faras (in Ar. a mare; in Som. a horse)

Hot Wiyí

House Gár

House (thatched) Sa'ar gár; Gambisa

House (stone) Darbí gár

How much? Mistí?

Humble Miskín (A.)

Hundred Baklá

Hunger Abár

Hungry Rahab

Husband Abosh

Hut Wantaf gár (the Badawi's mat tents, called by the Somal, Gurgí)

I, pers. pron. Án

Ice Mí darak

Idle (useless) Mablúl

If Girr (?)

Ignorant Jáhil (A.); Wíj (the latter generally means "young")

Immense Bajíh

Immerse, v. Esbí

Immediately Fitan

In Bayn (A ?)

In that place Yadday

Infirm Gofáí

Inform, v. Warosh

Information War (Amh )

Injury Khasárá (A.)

Ink Maddí (A. c. from <A> ?)

Inkstand Dibet (A. c.)

Inquire, v. Athebrí (?)

Inside Ustú

Instead Manáwat; Tanáwat

Intelligent A'kil (A )

Inter, v. Kibarr

Interest (usury) Ribáh (A.)

Intestines (lower) Marachí

Intestines (higher) Kars (A. c.)

Intoxication Kayf (A.)

Intoxicating articles Khamrí (A.)

Iron Birat (S. bir.)

Itch, s. Wi'ir

Ivory Áj; dukhun-sin

Jackal Aizagadú (S. ídagalá, "burrowing below ground")

Jail Hasbí (A. c.)

Javelin Waram (S.)

Jewel Jauhar (A.)

Joke Charrakah (<A>)

Joker Fúhách

Journey Safar (A.)

Journey (by day) Hújí Safar

Journey (by night) Mishayt Safar

Jowari (holcus) Ikhí

Jowari (straw) Karah

Joy Farhah (A.); Tast

Judge Fikíh (A.); Kází (A.)

Jump, v. Shafbal

Just A'dil

Juvenile Darmá

Kat-plant (<A>) Ját

Kettle Disdí (A. c.); Makatú

Key Miftah (A.); Mifcháh (A. c.)

Kick, v. Rigat

Kidney Kuláy (A. c.)

Kill Gidal

Kiss, v. Mah (as among the Somal it is disliked.)

Kitchen Aweládá

Kite (bird) Tillí

Knee Gilib

Knife Masháh

Knot Kuturr

Know Úk

Knowledge Ilm (A )

Koosoo Sútí (the well-known vermifuge, called Hedo by the Somal)

Labour Ta'ab (A.)

Lake (colour) Kayh (<A>)

Lame Ingir zalaylá

Lamp Makhtút

Landlord Gár-zálá

Lane Kachín uga

Language Sinán

Large Gidir

Lass Kahat

Laughter Sahak (<A> A. c.); Mashak (?)

Law Sharíah (A.)

Lazy Mablúl

Lead Risás

Leaf Warak (A.); Kuttí

Leak (hole) Nudúl

Lean Gofáy

Learning, s. Ilm (A.)

Learned (man) Kabír (A.); Shaykh (A.)

Least Jammí be angál

Leather (hide) Gogá

Leech Ayktí ulá'úl (S.)

Left Gurá (Gragnay Amh. Guray S. "left-handed")

Left hand Gurá igí

Leg Ingir

Lend, v. Likch

Leopard Gargorá

Less Ansál

Liar Kizbanyá

Lie Kiz (A. c.)

Light, adj. Khafíf (A.); Kafíf (A. c.)

Lightning Birik (A. c.); Birig

Like Kut (yí kut, "like this." Azzokut, "like unto him")

Lime (fruit) Zarbissí

Lime (cement) Núrat (A.)

Lion Wanág

Lips Laflaf

Listen, v. Simá

Little Tít (<A>)

Liver Kút

Living Húí (<A> A. c.)

Lo! Haych

Load Tá'an

Locust Kafjor

Look, v. Haych

Loose (open), v. Fitah; Matmas

Loss Khasárá (A.); Kobul

Lose (the way, &c.) (Úga) Kabad

Love Ishkí (A.)

In love (man) Abosh áshaká

In love (woman) Indosh áshaktí

Louse Kúmáy (A. c. ?)

Low, adj. Háchír

Mad Jinám

Mad-dog Jinám bushí

Madam Abbáy

Magic Falá (S.)

Magician Falá-zálá

Maid servant Gáfit

Main mast Gidir dagal

Make, v. Úsh

Malady Nattú

Male Abosh

Malice Dínah

Man Abosh

Many Bajíh

Many times Bajíh gir

March, s. Malayt

Mare Inistí fares

Mariner Bahrí (A.)

Mark, s. Astá

Market place Magálah

Marriage Mansá

Marriage-portion Mehr (A.)

Married (man) Mishtí-hálá

Married (woman) Abosh-hálí

Master Marín

Mat Saylan

Match (gun's) Niftí fatílat

Mead Taj

Meal (ground corn) Ays fíchah

Measure Sifar

Meat Basar

Merchant Bá'u: tájir

Message Lo'okh

Middle Guttí; ustú (?): in the middle, guttí bayn

Milk Háy

Milk-pot Kadádah

Milk-pot cover Offá

Minaret Khutbá

Mine (it is) Án zád intá

Misery Masíbah (A. c.)

Model Áyinah (A.)

Money Mahallak (a brass coin current at Harar)

Monkey Zágarú

Month Warhay

Moon Charaká

In the morning Subhí (A.)

Mortar Mokaj (the pestle is called "Kaballá")

Mortgage Rahan (A.); Luhut

Mosquito Bimbí

Mother A'e

Mould (earth) Afar

Mountain Sarí

Mouse Fúr (A. c.)

Mouth Afe (Amh. S.)

Mud Chebá

Mule Baghl

Murder Motá

Murderer Igadlí-zál; Gadáy (?)

Murdered Gidalú

Musjid (mosque) Masgít

Musk Misk (A). Zabád (A. civet, generally confounded by Orientals with musk)

Mustachio Shárib (A.)

My ---e

Myrrh Karabí

Nail Mismár (A.)

Nail (hand) Tifir (A. c.)

Naked Kofh

Name Sum (A. c.)

Narrow Chinkí

Nasty Yegassí

Navel Hamburtí.

Near Kurrá

Necessary (it is) Yakhúnál

Necessity Hájah (A.)

Neck Angat

Necklace Shandúd

Needle Morfí

Needy Fukrá

Negro Gáfá

Neighbour Afoshá

Nest Úf gár

Never Abadan (A.)

Never mind Ahadúm aylá

New Hajís

News War (S.)

Night Artú

By night Mushayt

Nine Sehtan; Zehtáyn

Ninth Sehtan khá

Ninety Sehtaná

Nipple (man's) Tút (<A>)

Nipple (woman's) Kunná

No! May!

Nobody (there is) Uso'o aylúm

Nonsense Kishná

North Jáh (A.); Kiblah (A.)

Nose Úf

Nostril Úf nudúl

There is nothing Aylúm

Now Akhkhá

Number Helkí

Oath Tirayt

Ocean Bahr (A )

Oil Salayt (A.)

Old Rágá, fem. Rágít

Omen Fál (A.)

On (upon) La'ay

Once Ahad muttí; Ahad gír

At once Fitan

One Ahad

One third Shíshtí-sám (A. <A>)

One-armed Ahad íjí zalaylá

One-eyed Ahad ín zalaylá

One-legged Ahad ingir zalaylá

Onion Shunkortá

Open, v. Fitah

Opened Futoh

Oppressor Zálim (A.)

Oppression Zulmi (A. c.)

Or Walau (?). Ammá (A.)

Order Amr (A )

Orphan Yetím (A.); "á'e zalaylá," motherless; "áwa zalaylá," fatherless

Ostrich Guráyyá (S.)

Our Zinya

Outside Mantá

Owner Zálá, fem. Zálí

Ox Bárá

Pace Malaytá

Pair Kut; Ko'ot

Palace Nagáshí gár

Palm (hand's) Kaff'í (A. c.)

Paper Talhayyá

Paramour (fem.) Gazan

Partner Sharík (A.)

Pass, v. Let

Path Kachín úga

Pauper Zaygá

Pawn Rahan (A )

Peace Amán (A )

Pearl Lúl (A.)

Pen Kalam (A )

Penis Gantir

People Uso'o

Pepper (black) Arab barbarí

Pepper (red) Barbarí

Perform, v. Osh

Perspiration Wizí

Pestle Kaballá

Piece Koch (?)

Pig Hariyyá; Karkarrú

Pigeon Hamímí (A. c.)

Pillow Makhaddá (A.)

Pimple Kím

Pin Filá

Pinch, v. Kontá

Pipe (smoking) Gáyá (the Indian "Gurgurí")

Pipe tube Búk

Pistol Tinneo Naftí

Pit (cesspool) Gadú

Pity Rahmah (A.)

Place Attáí

Plain Dídá

Plantain Mauz (A )

Plate (for baking bread) Kibábah (A. c.); Tábah (?)

Platter (wooden) Gabatá

Plough Willítá; Mahras (A.)

Plunder Mahmat

Pocket Kís (A )

Poetry Fakarr

Poison Summí (A )

Poisoned Summí-zálá

Pomegranate Rummán (A.)

Ponderous Razín (A )

Possible (it is) Yakhúnál

Pot (earthen) Makatú

Pot-bellied Kasá-zálá

Pound (weight) Ratlí

Pox Kitin

Pretence Haylah (A.)

Pregnant Karsí; Zálí

Price Báy

Pride Kibrí (A )

Priest Fakíh (A )

Prison Hasbí (A.)

Prisoner Úgud

Privy Sagara

Procurable Yaganyo

Prodigious Ajab (A.)

Profit Nafí (A. c.)

Proof Ragá

Proud (man) Kibrí-zálá; Kibranyá

Proud (woman) Kibrí-zálí; Kibríyyít

Provisions Mablá

Pud. Dúr

Pumpkin Arab dubbá (S.)

Purse Kís (A.)

Quadruped Dínat

Quantity Mistí

Quarter Rubá (A )

Quarter (of town) Afochá

Queen Gístí

Question Mathebar

Quickly Fitan

Quill Bállí (S.)

Quiver Hinnách

Rage Za'al (A.); herár

Raid Dína

Raiment Irázásh

Rain Zináb

Raise, v. Hafush

Raisin Zabíb (A )

Ram Táy

Ran, v. pret. Saká

Rapid Fitan

Rascal Mablúl

Rat Fúr (A )

Raven Kurrá

Raw Terí

Razor Sháldá (?)

Read Kira (A. c.)

Real (dollar) Karshí

Rebel Ásí (A.)

Rebellion Balwá (A.)

Receive Nisá

Red Kayh: fem. Kayhít

Region Bád

Regret Hammá (A. c.); Ghammá (A. c.)

Rein (bridle) Hakamá (S.)

Relations Ahl (A.)

Remain Kirr (A. c.)

Remainder Karrá

Remedy Dawá

Remote Ruhuk, ruhug

Remove Ústí

Repletion Tufá (?)

Reply War. (Bring a reply: "War adej." Take my reply: "Ware ustí.")

Reptile Hubáb

Residence Gár

Rest, s. Ráhah (A.)

Return (i.e. give me back) Argabgilayn

Revenge, s. Kisás (A.)

Take revenge Kisás ushú

Reverse, v. Gargab

Reward Sakah; dínat (?)

Rib Maytak

Rich Ghaní (A )

Rice Ruz (A.)

Ride, v. Isal

Right (proper) Korám

Right hand Kainyít

Right and left Gurá wá Kainyít

Ring Makhtar

Riot Matmáhat

Rise up Hafbal

Rising (ground) Karát

Risk Fir

River Zar; Masrí (?)

Road Úga

Roast, v. Absil. (Roast the meat. "Basar absil.")

Rob, v. Rojh. (He robbed me. "Rojhábayn.")

Robber Rojhí

Robbery Márojha

Robe (woman's) Indosh írás

Robe (blue) Táy írás

Robe (white) Najíh írás

Rock Sarí

Rogue Mablúl

Roof Darbenjí

Room Kitrat

Root Sirr; Hedid (S.)

Rosary Tasbih (A.)

Rose-water Má-ward (A.)

Rope Fatít

Ruin Kh'ráb (A.)

Ruler Nagáshí

Run, v. Taráwat

Run away! Rot! Sik!

Sack (ox-skin) Dawullá (large bags used on journeys)

Sack (sheep-skin) Jíráb (A. c. small saddle-bags; the bags for asses are called "Matan")

Saddle Kor (S. Kore); Hánká (?)

Saffron Waras (A.)

Saint Walí

Salt Assú

Sand Afar

Sandals Ashín

Sash (girdle) Hankot

Say, v. Asaynní

Scales Mízán (A.)

A single scale Kaffí

Scent Súchná

Scissors Makrajah

Scout Ilálah (S.)

Scum Wasakh (A.)

Sea Bahr (A )

Sea-coast Bahr aff

By sea and by land Bahrí wá barri (A.)

Seal Tábá (A. c.)

Seal-ring Makhtar

Search Mafách

Second (ordinal n.) Kotkhá

Secret Sirrí (A.)

Secretly Shemakna

See, v. Haych

Self Rúh (A.); Naf (A. c.)

Sell, v. Assím

Sepulchre Kabrí

Serpent Hifin; Hubáb

Servant Wandag

Servile caste Bon (Dankalí word)

Seven Sátí

Seventh Sátí khá

Seventy Sát assir

Sew, v. Sif. ("Sew the cloth," irás Sif.)

Shade (shadow) Cháyá (Sanscrit ?)

Shallow water Tinneo mí

Shame Hayá (A )

Shank Kultum

Sharp, adj. Balah (<A>)

Shave, v. Mashaylad

She Ittá

Sheath (swords) Síf gár (dagger's sheath, "shotal gár")

Sheep Táy

Sheet Láy rnorad; irás

Shepherd Agabarí

Shirt Kamís (A.)

Shield Agrí

Shop Dukkán (A. There are no regular shops at Harar)

Short Hájír

Shot, s. Risás (A.)

Shut, v. Galab

Sick Nattú

Sickle Manja

Silence, v. Ús

Silver Me'et

Sin Abbá

Sister Ihít (A. c.)

Sit! v. Tageb

Six Siddistí

Sixth Siddistíkhá

Sixty Siddistí assir

Skin Gogá

Skin (for water) Kárbat (A. c.)

Skullcap Kalotá (la Calotte)

Sky Samí

Slave (mas.) Gáfá; Wasíf; Amhara

Slave (fem.) Gafít; Wasífít; Amharít

Sleep, v. Manyít (Pass the night. "Heder"); Niyen (?)

Slippers Ashín

Small Tinnéo; Ted (?)

Small-pox Gifrí (in S. Fantú)

Smell (perfume) Súchná

Smoke, s. Tan

Smoke, v. Sich

Snot Infít

Snuff (tobacco) Jamalí (Give me a pinch of snuff, "Jamalí Makonat")

Sole (of foot) Hardá

Somali Tumurr (a slighting name)

Son Lijgay

Song Fakarr

Sore Túlú

South Ke'ebá

Span Zumzurtí

Spear Waram

Spider Asháráráhtí

Spider's web Asháráráhtí gár

Spittle Mirák (A.)

Spoon Fanálah (S. Fandál)

Staff, s. Bartí

Star Túí (<A>)

Stench Chikná

Stick Bartí

Stone Ún

Stop (hush) Sambal

Street Magálah úga

Strong Tákh-zálá

Stupravi matrem tuam (vulgar abuse) A'e khá lagatkho

Stuprari patrem tuum Aukhá ligat

It suffices Yokál

Sugar Sukkar (A.)

Sugar-cane Âla Shankorr (S.)

Sun Írr

Sweat Wizí

Sweet Yatímál

Switch Tinne'o bartí

Sword Síf (A.)

Take, v. Yakh (to woman "Yash")

Take hold of Lahat

Take care Takayráh bá

Tall Gidorr

Talisman Kartás (A.)

Tax (on merchandise) Ashúr (A. c.)

Tax (on land) Zakáh (A.)

Tear Ibí

Ten Assir (A. c.)

Tenth Assirkhá

That (pr.) Yá

Thatched hut Gambisá

Their Zinyo

Then Yí sá'ah

Thence Yí attay

There Yadday

Here and there Idday wá yadday

Therefore Yí le báytí

These Yí 'ách

Thief Rojhí (fem. Rojhít)

Thick Wadal

Thigh Badú (?); Gonjí

Thin Gofáy

Thine (thy) -khá

Thing Sha'í (A. c.)

Third Shíshtí khá

Thirty Saseh

Thirst Tirrá

Thirsty Tirrár

This Yí

Thorn Usukh

Thorn fence Hutur (Chuguf ?)

Thread Fatlí (A. c.)

Three Shíshtí

Three quarters Shíshtí rubá

Thrice Shíshtí muttí

Throat Hangúr; marmar

Throne Tifán (?)

Throw, v. Ghínbá (?); giny

Thumb Gidir Atabinyá

Thunder Birák (?); birág (A. c.)

Tie, v. Ígad. (Tie the camel with a cord. "Gamaylah fatít be ígad.")

Tie (knot) Kátre (Knot with your cloth. "Irás be Kátre."); akoflí (?)

Time Sá'ah

At what time? Ay Sá'ah?

At all times Kullu gírum

Tired Dalágay

Tobacco Tunbákhú

To Lay; le

To-day Hújí

Toe Ingir atabinyá

Together (with) Báh. (I will go with you. "Án akhákh báh ilitákh.")

Tomb Kabrí

To-morrow Gísh

Tongue Arrát

Tooth Sin (A.)

Town Magálah

Town-wall Jugal

Travel, v. Sifar (A. c.)

Tree Lafú

Tripe Ankar

True Hillú; hullú

Truly Hillú; hullú

Turband imámat (A.)

Turband (Amir's) Ká'úk (Turk.)

Turmeric Hárdí injí

Twenty Koyah

Tweezers Nech; Karabah (?)

Twice Kot muttí

Two Kot

Ugly Yagassál

Ulcer Túlu, pl. Túlú'ásh.

Unarmed Agra waram zaltá (lit. shieldless and spearless)

Uncle (paternal) Zer

Uncle (maternal) Káka

Under Taháy

Understand Tukákh

Unfortunate Ayyámúm aylá, fem. Ayyámúm aylí

Unjust Zálim (A.)

Unkind Rahmatúm aylá, fem. rahmatúm aylí

Unsafe Amánúm altá, fem. amánúm altí

Untie Fitáh (A. c.)

Untrue Kiz (A. c.)

Up Lá'ay

Up and down Lá'ay wá taháy

Go up! Isal

Bring up! Lá'ay hafúsh

Upon (it) Usú lá'ay

Urine Shahad

Us ---ena

Value Báy (What is the price of this? "Báy zo mintá?")

Veil Gulub (blue muslin fillet on women's hair)

Vein Watar (A.)

Vengeance Kisás (A.)

Venom Summí (A.)

Venomous Summí-zálá

Venereal (disease) Chobtú; Kitin

Very Bajíh

Very good Bajih korám

Vile Yegassí

Village Gandá; Tinneto geh; tinne'o bád

Viper Hubáb summi-zálá

Virgin Wahashí

Void (naked) Kofh

Voice Tab

Vomit Nataka

Vow Ballamá (He vowed a mare "Ballamá zinya inistí fares.")

Vulture Áumar

Waist Hankot

Wall (house) Digadag

Wall (town) Úgal

Want, s. Hájah (A.).

Want, v. "Ahad ifájakh:" I want something. "Wandag akháshákh:" I want a servant

War Matmáhat

Warm Wiyí

Was Nár; fem. nártí

Wash, v. imp. Mayeh

Washing Wessá (the ablution called "Wuzú"}

Watch Zolanyá (night patrols through the city)

Water Mí

Water-pot Hán (S.)

Watered (garden, field, &c.) Masnú

Wax Shama (A.)

Way (road) Uga

We Inya; inyásh

Weak Tákhúm aylá

Wealth Bajíh dínat

Weaver Hayyák (A )

Weigh Amezní

Weight Mízán (A.)

Well (water) Zar (?)

Well (being) Amán (A )

West Írr kitbo (?); Kilmash (?)

Wet Ruttá

What? Mintá?

Of what sort? Min Sinya (?)

Wheat Ays (A. c.?)

Whence? Áyde? (Whence comest thou? "Áyde be díchkhi?")

Where? Baylá? belá?

Whetstone Moláh

Whip Kaytal (A. S.)

Whisper v. Íshayt be assayní

Whistle Afíj

White Najíh

Who? Min? (Who art thou? "Min Sinyintakh?")

Whore? Gubnít

Why? Millay? (Why cost thou beat me? "Millay gadalkháyn?")

Wick Fatílat (A.)

Widow Armalah (A.)

Widower Indosh motbá

Wife Indosh; mishtí

Wig (sheep-skin dyed red) Gurud; arabjí karr; timá bayt (S.)

Wind Dáf

Window Taket (A. c.)

Wine Gohay

Wipe, v. Másh

Within Usto

Without (outside) Káchay

Without Aylám; aylúm (?)

Without reason Sabab biláy

Without hope Haylad biláy

Wolf Warábá (S.)

Woman Indosh; mishtí

Woman (barren) Tuldúmayt

Woman (pregnant) Karsí-zálí

Wonder Dink

Wonderful Ajab (A.)

Wood Inchí

Word Sinán

Wound Mahjá

Write Kitab

Writing-board Loh (A )

Yard (court) Katam-barí

Year Amad

Last year Amná

Every year Jammí ammatúm

Yellow Hurdí, fem. Hurdít

Yes! Í; áy

Yet Wílí

You Akhákhásh

Young Darmá

Youth Darmásh (?)

Zebra Farrú (S.)

Zinc Kayh birat