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%n or Out [n]

is a global object that is assigned to be the value produced on the n^(th) output line.

%

gives the last result generated.

%%

gives the result before last. %%% (k times) gives the k^(th) previous result.

Details
Details and Options Details and Options
Examples  
Basic Examples  
Scope  
Applications  
Properties & Relations  
Possible Issues  
See Also
Tech Notes
Related Guides
Related Workflows
Related Links
History
Cite this Page

Out

%n or Out [n]

is a global object that is assigned to be the value produced on the n^(th) output line.

%

gives the last result generated.

%%

gives the result before last. %%% (k times) gives the k^(th) previous result.

Details

  • Out [] is equivalent to %.
  • Out [-k] is equivalent to %%% (k times).

Examples

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Basic Examples  (1)

Given a sequence of inputs:

Recall the outputs:

Scope  (2)

Add some integers:

Return the most recent and second most recent outputs using % and %%, respectively:

Refer to the second and third most recent outputs using the FullForm Out [-n]:

Multiply some integers:

Refer to the outputs using Out with explicit positive integer arguments:

Applications  (1)

Evaluate some expressions:

Evaluate DownValues for Out to see what outputs are stored:

Do the same by looking at Information for Out :

Properties & Relations  (5)

A combinations of n % signs is equivalent to Out [-n]:

The FullForm of % is Out []:

Referencing an output number greater than the total number of outputs returns unevaluated:

If $HistoryLength is finite, only the $HistoryLength most recent values of Out will have a value:

The value of $Line corresponds to the numbers in In and Out :

Possible Issues  (1)

Out [-1] has no short InputForm :

However, both Out [-1] and Out [] (with InputForm %) refer to the most recent output:

See Also

In   $Line   $HistoryLength   MessageList   CellLabel   EchoEvaluation

Function Repository: ToggleLogInputs

History

Introduced in 1988 (1.0)

Wolfram Research (1988), Out, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Out.html.

Text

Wolfram Research (1988), Out, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Out.html.

CMS

Wolfram Language. 1988. "Out." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Out.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (1988). Out. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Out.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_out, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Out}", year="1988", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Out.html}", note=[Accessed: 17-November-2025]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2025_out, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Out}, year={1988}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Out.html}, note=[Accessed: 17-November-2025]}

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