STDIO(3S) STDIO(3S) NAME stdio - standard buffered input/output package SYNOPSIS #include <stdio.h> FILE *stdin; FILE *stdout; FILE *stderr; DESCRIPTION The functions described in Sections 3S constitute an effi- cient user-level buffering scheme. The in-line macros getc and putc(3) handle characters quickly. The higher level routines gets, fgets, scanf, fscanf, fread, puts, fputs, printf, fprintf, fwrite all use getc and putc; they can be freely intermixed. A file with associated buffering is called a stream, and is declared to be a pointer to a defined type FILE. Fopen(3) creates certain descriptive data for a stream and returns a pointer to designate the stream in all further transactions. There are three normally open streams with constant pointers declared in the include file and associated with the stan- dard open files: stdin standard input file stdout standard output file stderr standard error file A constant `pointer' NULL (0) designates no stream at all. An integer constant EOF (-1) is returned upon end of file or error by integer functions that deal with streams. Any routine that uses the standard input/output package must include the header file <stdio.h> of pertinent macro defini- tions. The functions and constants mentioned in sections labeled 3S are declared in the include file and need no further declaration. The constants, and the following `functions' are implemented as macros; redeclaration of these names is perilous: getc, getchar, putc, putchar, feof, ferror, fileno. SEE ALSO open(2), close(2), read(2), write(2) DIAGNOSTICS The value EOF is returned uniformly to indicate that a FILE pointer has not been initialized with fopen, input (output) STDIO(3S) STDIO(3S) has been attempted on an output (input) stream, or a FILE pointer designates corrupt or otherwise unintelligible FILE data.