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On Mon, Jan 03, 2000 at 01:41:19PM -0500, Michael W. Ryan wrote: > And this is the most commonly cited example. What if you didn't want to > do a full distribution upgrade. What if you only wanted to upgrade some? > > Michael W. Ryan, MCP, MCT | OTAKON 2000 > mryan@netaxs.com | Convention of Otaku Generation > http://www.netaxs.com/~mryan/ | http://www.otakon.com/ Have a peek at the man page. apt-get is very very nice. Altho I have had a couple minor problems with it, but thats to be expected in the unstable tree. quick howto. save the attachment, run it thru nroff | less. Mental -- "you make insanity respectable." --Helcat on the subject of Mental.
apt-get(8) apt-get(8) NNAAMMEE apt-get - APT package handling utility -- command-line interface SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS apt-get [options] [command] [package ...] DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be considered the user´s "back-end" to apt(8). _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is one of: o update o upgrade o dselect-upgrade o dist-upgrade o install package1 [package2] [...] o remove package1 [package2] [...] o source package1 [package2] [...] o check o clean o autoclean Unless the -h, or --help option is given one of the above commands must be present. uuppddaattee uuppddaattee is used to resynchronize the package overview files from their sources. The overviews of available packages are fetched from the location(s) specified in //eettcc//aapptt//ssoouurrcceess..lliisstt. For example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the PPaacckkaaggeess..ggzz files, so that informa tion about new and updated packages is available. An uuppddaattee should always be performed before an uuppggrraaddee ddiisstt--uuppggrraaddee. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect as the size of the package files cannot be known in advance. apt 4 Dec 1998 apt-get(8) apt-get(8) uuppggrraaddee uuppggrraaddee is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in //eettcc//aapptt//ssoouurrcceess..lliisstt. Packages currently installed with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no cir cumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install status of another package will be left at their current version. An uuppddaattee must be performed first so that aapptt--ggeett knows that new ver sions of packages are available. ddsseelleecctt--uuppggrraaddee ddsseelleecctt--uuppggrraaddee is used in conjunction with the traditional Debian GNU/Linux packaging front-end, ddsseelleecctt ((88)). ddsseelleecctt--uuppggrraaddee follows the changes made by ddsseelleecctt to the _S_t_a_t_u_s field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to realize that state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of new packages). ddiisstt--uuppggrraaddee ddiisstt--uuppggrraaddee,in addition to performing the function of uuppggrraaddee, also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages; aapptt--ggeett has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The //eettcc//aapptt//ssoouurrcceess..lliisstt file contains a list of locations from which to retrieve desired package files. iinnssttaallll iinnssttaallll is followed by one or more _p_a_c_k_a_g_e_s desired for installation. Each _p_a_c_k_a_g_e is a package name, not a fully qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system, _l_d_s_o would be the argument provided, not _l_d_s_o___1_._9_._6_-_2_._d_e_b). All packages required by the package(s) specified for installa tion will also be retrieved and installed. The //eettcc//aapptt//ssoouurrcceess..lliisstt file is used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with no intervening space), the iden tified package will be removed if it is installed. This latter feature may be used to override deci sions made by apt-get´s conflict resolution system. If no package matches the given expression and the apt 4 Dec 1998 apt-get(8) apt-get(8) expression contains one of ´.´, ´?´ or ´*´ then it is assumed to be a POSIX regex and it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so ´lo*´ matches ´how-lo´ and ´lowest´. If this is undesired prefix with a ´^´ character. rreemmoovvee rreemmoovvee is identical to iinnssttaallll except that packages are removed instead of installed. If a plus sign is appended to the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be installed. ssoouurrccee ssoouurrccee causes apt-get to fetch source packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory the newest available version of that source package. Source packages are tracked separately from binary pack ages via ddeebb--ssrrcc type lines in the //eettcc//aapptt//ssoouurrcceess..lliisstt file. This probably will mean that you will not get the same source as the package you have installed or as you could install. If the --compile options is specified then the package will be compiled to a binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is specified then the source package will not be unpacked. Note that source packages are not tracked like binary packages, they exist only in the current directory and are similar to downloading source tar balls. cchheecckk cchheecckk is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache and checks for broken packages. cclleeaann cclleeaann clears out the local repository of retrieved package files. It removes everything but the lock file from //vvaarr//ccaacchhee//aapptt//aarrcchhiivveess// and //vvaarr//ccaacchhee//aapptt//aarrcchhiivveess//ppaarrttiiaall//. When APT is used as a ddsseelleecctt((88)) method, cclleeaann is run automatically. Those who do not use dselect will likely want to run apt-get clean ffrroomm ttiimmee ttoo ttiimmee ttoo ffrreeee uupp ddiisskk ssppaaccee.. aauuttoocclleeaann Like cclleeaann, aauuttoocclleeaann clears out the local reposi tory of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only removes package files that can no apt 4 Dec 1998 apt-get(8) apt-get(8) longer be downloaded, and are largely useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it growing out of control. OOPPTTIIOONNSS All command line options may be set using the configura tion file, the descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean options you can override the config file by using something like --ff--, ----nnoo--ff, --ff==nnoo or several other variations. --dd,, ----ddoowwnnllooaadd--oonnllyy Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::DDoowwnnllooaadd--OOnnllyy. --ff,, ----ffiixx--bbrrookkeenn Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken depen dencies in place. This option may be used alone or in conjunction with any of the command actions, and is sometimes necessary when running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken pack age dependencies to exist on a system. It is possi ble that a system´s dependency structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually means using dselect or dpkg --remove to eliminate some of the offending packages). Use of this option together with -m may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::FFiixx--BBrrookkeenn. --hh,, ----hheellpp Help; display a helpful usage message and exits. --vv,, ----vveerrssiioonn Show the program version. --mm,, ----iiggnnoorree--mmiissssiinngg,, ----ffiixx--mmiissssiinngg Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or fail the integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with -f may produce an error in some situations. Configuration Item: iiggnnoorree--mmiissss iinngg. apt 4 Dec 1998 apt-get(8) apt-get(8) ----nnoo--ddoowwnnllooaadd Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with --ignore-missing to force APT to use only the .debs it has already downloaded. --qq,, ----qquuiieett Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omit ting progress indicators. More q´s will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use --qq==## to set the quiet level, overriding the config uration file. Note that quiet level 2 implies -y, you should never use -qq without a no-action modi fier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT may decided to do something you did not expect. Con figuration Item: qquuiieett --ss,, ----ssiimmuullaattee,, ----jjuusstt--pprriinntt,, ----ddrryy--rruunn,, ----rreeccoonn,, ----nnoo--aacctt No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not actually change the system. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::SSiimmuullaattee. Simulate prints out a series of lines each one rep resenting a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indi cate broken packages with and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence (rare). --yy,, ----yyeess,, ----aassssuummee--yyeess Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and run non-interactively. If an unde sirable situation, such as changing a held package or removing an essential package occurs then aapptt-- ggeett will abort. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::AAssssuummee--YYeess. --uu,, ----sshhooww--uuppggrraaddeedd Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that are to be upgraded. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::SShhooww--UUppggrraaddeedd. --bb,, ----ccoommppiillee,, ----bbuuiilldd Compile source packages after downloading them. ----iiggnnoorree--hhoolldd Ignore package Holds; This causes aapptt--ggeett to ignore a hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with ddiisstt--uuppggrraaddee to override a large apt 4 Dec 1998 apt-get(8) apt-get(8) number of undesired holds. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::IIggnnoorree--HHoolldd. ----nnoo--uuppggrraaddee Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with iinnssttaallll nnoo--uuppggrraaddee will prevent packages listed from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::nnoo-- uuppggrraaddee. ----ffoorrccee--yyeess Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should not be used except in very special situations. Using ffoorrccee--yyeess can potentially destroy your system! Con figuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::ffoorrccee--yyeess. ----pprriinntt--uurriiss Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI will have the path, the des tination file name, the size and the expected md5 hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file name on the remote site! This also works with the ssoouurrccee command. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::PPrriinntt--UURRIIss. ----ppuurrggee Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. ----rreeiinnssttaallll Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. ----lliisstt--cclleeaannuupp This option defaults to on, use ----nnoo--lliisstt--cclleeaannuupp to turn it off. When on apt-get will automatically manage the contents of /var/state/apt/lists to ensure that obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently change your source list. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::LLiisstt--CClleeaannuupp ----ttrriivviiaall--oonnllyy Only perform operations are ´trivial´. Logically this can be considered related to --assume-yes, apt 4 Dec 1998 apt-get(8) apt-get(8) where --assume-yes will answer yes to any prompt, --trivial-only will answer no. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::TTrriivviiaall--OOnnllyy ----nnoo--rreemmoovvee If any packages are to be removed apt-get immedi ately aborts without prompting. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::NNoo--RReemmoovvee ----ddiiffff--oonnllyy, bd(--tar-only) Download only the diff or tar file of a source archive. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::DDiiffff--OOnnllyy --cc,, ----ccoonnffiigg--ffiillee Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. aapptt--ggeett will read the default configuration file and then this configuration file. See aapptt..ccoonnff((55)) for syntax information. --oo,, ----ooppttiioonn Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbi trary configuration option. The syntax is -o Foo::Bar=bar FFIILLEESS o /etc/apt/sources.list locations to fetch packages from o /var/cache/apt/archives/ storage area for retrieved package files o /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/ storage area for package files in transit o /var/state/apt/lists/ storage area for state infor mation for each package resource specified in the source list o /var/state/apt/lists/partial/ storage area for state information in transit apt 4 Dec 1998 apt-get(8) apt-get(8) SSEEEE AALLSSOO apt-cache(8), dpkg(8), dselect(8), sources.list(5), apt.conf(5), The APT Users Guide in /usr/doc/apt/ DDIIAAGGNNOOSSTTIICCSS apt-get returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error. BBUUGGSS See http://bugs.debian.org/apt. If you wish to report a bug in aapptt--ggeett, please see //uussrr//ddoocc//ddeebbiiaann//bbuugg--rreeppoorrtt iinngg..ttxxtt or the bbuugg((11)) command. AAUUTTHHOORR apt-get was written by the APT team <apt@pack ages.debian.org>. apt 4 Dec 1998
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