Given the abundance of oxygen and silicon in the crust, it should not be surprising that the most abundant minerals in the earth's crust are the silicates. Although the Earth's material must have had the same composition as the Sun originally, the present composition of the Sun is quite different. The elemental composition of the human body and life in general is quite different.
These general element abundances are reflected in the composition of igneous rocks.
The percentages are percent by mass of the indicated elements. Solar system values are from Arnett, see below. The composition of the human body is seen to be distinctly different from the abundance of the elements in the Earth's crust. The elements upon which life is based are often summarized by the combination CHONPS, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur. Note that nitrogen is rare on the Earth, but is a major component of proteins, the working molecules of life.
IndexThe data above is from Arnett, and the elements are listed in descending order of the atom fraction in the solar system. The percent by mass in the solar system is the mass fraction in parts per million with the decimal point shifted left four places, e.g. hydrogen is 705,700 parts per million in mass and 70.57% by mass. As the lightest atom, it is 91% by number. Since specific isotopes are tabulated here, the percentages would differ slightly if all isotopes of each element are tabulated.
References:
Arnett, David, Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis (First ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996.
Index
Tables