Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ten-noh Dai 1–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8572, Japan
Fellow of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
Current address: Advanced Biological Information Research Division, INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan

Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ten-noh Dai 1–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8572, Japan

Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16–2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8506, Japan

Zoorasia Yokohama Zoological Gardens, Kamishiranecho 1175–1, Yokohama Asahi-ku, Kanagawa 241–0001, Japan
Preservation and Research Center/The City of Yokohama, Kawaishukucho 155–1, Yokohama Asahi-ku, Kanagawa 241–0804, Japan
College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252–0880, Japan

Zoorasia Yokohama Zoological Gardens, Kamishiranecho 1175–1, Yokohama Asahi-ku, Kanagawa 241–0001, Japan

Preservation and Research Center/The City of Yokohama, Kawaishukucho 155–1, Yokohama Asahi-ku, Kanagawa 241–0804, Japan

Preservation and Research Center/The City of Yokohama, Kawaishukucho 155–1, Yokohama Asahi-ku, Kanagawa 241–0804, Japan

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ten-noh Dai 1–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8572, Japan