You can find out for yourself by using some of the built-in timing functions. For example, you can StartMsTimer before running the code and then StopMsTimer after it is completed, or record Ticks before and after the function runs. I would time your code with the debugger enabled and disabled, and see if there is a reliable difference.
For more comprehensive analysis, see DisplayHelpTopic "Profiling Igor Procedures" (though the more basic functions might be more straightforward since what you're concerned about--the built-in error handling--might get used to some extent by the Profiling code.)