// 两个默认参数的函数
function foo($arg1 = ", $arg2 = ") {
echo "arg1: $arg1\n";
echo "arg2: $arg2\n";
}
foo(‘hello’,'world’);
/* 输出:
arg1: hello
arg2: world
*/
foo();
/* 输出:
arg1:
arg2:
*/
下面这个示例是PHP的不定参数用法,其使用到了 func_get_args()方法:
// 是的,形参列表为空
function foo() {
// 取得所有的传入参数的数组
$args = func_get_args();
foreach ($args as $k => $v) {
echo "arg".($k+1).": $v\n";
}
}
foo();
/* 什么也不会输出 */
foo(‘hello’);
/* 输出
arg1: hello
*/
foo(‘hello’, ‘world’, ‘again’);
/* 输出
arg1: hello
arg2: world
arg3: again
*/ 2、使用glob()查找文件 // 取得所有的后缀为PHP的文件
$files = glob(‘*.php’);
print_r($files);
/* 输出:
Array
(
[0] => phptest.php
[1] => pi.php
[2] => post_output.php
[3] => test.php
)
*/ 你还可以查找多种后缀名: // 取PHP文件和TXT文件
$files = glob(‘*.{php,txt}’, GLOB_BRACE);
print_r($files);
/* 输出:
Array
(
[0] => phptest.php
[1] => pi.php
[2] => post_output.php
[3] => test.php
[4] => log.txt
[5] => test.txt
)
*/你还可以加上路径:$files = glob(‘../images/a*.jpg’);
print_r($files);
/* 输出:
Array
(
[0] => ../images/apple.jpg
[1] => ../images/art.jpg
)
*/ 如果你想得到绝对路径,你可以调用 realpath() 函数:$files = glob(‘../images/a*.jpg’);
// applies the function to each array element
$files = array_map(‘realpath’,$files);
print_r($files);
/* output looks like:
Array
(
[0] => C:\wamp\www\images\apple.jpg
[1] => C:\wamp\www\images\art.jpg
)
*/ 3、获取内存使用情况信息 echo "Initial: ".memory_get_usage()." bytes \n";
/* 输出
Initial: 361400 bytes
*/
// 使用内存
for ($i = 0; $i < 100000; $i++) {
$array []= md5($i);
}
// 删除一半的内存
for ($i = 0; $i < 100000; $i++) {
unset($array[$i]);
}
echo "Final: ".memory_get_usage()." bytes \n";
/* prints
Final: 885912 bytes
*/
echo "Peak: ".memory_get_peak_usage()." bytes \n";
/* 输出峰值
Peak: 13687072 bytes
*/ print_r(getrusage());
/* 输出
Array
(
[ru_oublock] => 0
[ru_inblock] => 0
[ru_msgsnd] => 2
[ru_msgrcv] => 3
[ru_maxrss] => 12692
[ru_ixrss] => 764
[ru_idrss] => 3864
[ru_minflt] => 94
[ru_majflt] => 0
[ru_nsignals] => 1
[ru_nvcsw] => 67
[ru_nivcsw] => 4
[ru_nswap] => 0
[ru_utime.tv_usec] => 0
[ru_utime.tv_sec] => 0
[ru_stime.tv_usec] => 6269
[ru_stime.tv_sec] => 0
)
*/ 这个结构看上出很晦涩,除非你对CPU很了解。下面一些解释: // sleep for 3 seconds (non-busy)
sleep(3);
$data = getrusage();
echo "User time: ".
($data['ru_utime.tv_sec'] +
$data['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
echo "System time: ".
($data['ru_stime.tv_sec'] +
$data['ru_stime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
/* 输出
User time: 0.011552
System time: 0
*/ // loop 10 million times (busy)
for($i=0;$i<10000000;$i++) {
}
$data = getrusage();
echo "User time: ".
($data['ru_utime.tv_sec'] +
$data['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
echo "System time: ".
($data['ru_stime.tv_sec'] +
$data['ru_stime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
/* 输出
User time: 1.424592
System time: 0.004204
*/ 这花了大约14秒的CPU时间,几乎所有的都是用户的时间,因为没有系统调用。传统时间是CPU花费在系统调用上的上执行内核指令的时间。下面是一个例子:$start = microtime(true);
// keep calling microtime for about 3 seconds
while(microtime(true) – $start < 3) {
}
$data = getrusage();
echo "User time: ".
($data['ru_utime.tv_sec'] +
$data['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
echo "System time: ".
($data['ru_stime.tv_sec'] +
$data['ru_stime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
/* prints
User time: 1.088171
System time: 1.675315
*/ 我们可以看到上面这个例子更耗CPU。 // this is relative to the loaded script’s path
// it may cause problems when running scripts from different directories
require_once(‘config/database.php’);
// this is always relative to this file’s path
// no matter where it was included from
require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . ‘/config/database.php’); 下面是使用 __LINE__ 来输出一些debug的信息,这样有助于你调试程序:// some code
// ...
my_debug("some debug message", __LINE__);
/* 输出
Line 4: some debug message
*/
// some more code
// ...
my_debug("another debug message", __LINE__);
/* 输出
Line 11: another debug message
*/
function my_debug($msg, $line) {
echo "Line $line: $msg\n";
} 6、生成唯一的id // generate unique string
echo uniqid();
/* 输出
4bd67c947233e
*/
// generate another unique string
echo uniqid();
/* 输出
4bd67c9472340
*/ 该算法是根据CPU时间戳来生成的,所以在相近的时间段内,id前几位是一样的,这也方便id的排序,如果你想更好的避免重复,可以在id前加上前缀,如: // 前缀
echo uniqid(‘foo_’);
/* 输出
foo_4bd67d6cd8b8f
*/
// 有更多的熵
echo uniqid(",true);
/* 输出
4bd67d6cd8b926.12135106
*/
// 都有
echo uniqid(‘bar_’,true);
/* 输出
bar_4bd67da367b650.43684647
*/ 7、序列化 // 一个复杂的数组
$myvar = array(
‘hello’,
42,
array(1,’two’),
‘apple’
);
// 序列化
$string = serialize($myvar);
echo $string;
/* 输出
a:4:{i:0;s:5:"hello";i:1;i:42;i:2;a:2:{i:0;i:1;i:1;s:3:"two";}i:3;s:5:"apple";}
*/
// 反序例化
$newvar = unserialize($string);
print_r($newvar);
/* 输出
Array
(
[0] => hello
[1] => 42
[2] => Array
(
[0] => 1
[1] => two
)
[3] => apple
)
*/ 如何序列化成json格式呢,放心,php也已经为你做好了,使用php 5.2以上版本的用户可以使用json_encode() 和 json_decode() 函数来实现json格式的序列化,代码如下:// a complex array
$myvar = array(
‘hello’,
42,
array(1,’two’),
‘apple’
);
// convert to a string
$string = json_encode($myvar);
echo $string;
/* prints
["hello",42,[1,"two"],"apple"]
*/
// you can reproduce the original variable
$newvar = json_decode($string);
print_r($newvar);
/* prints
Array
(
[0] => hello
[1] => 42
[2] => Array
(
[0] => 1
[1] => two
)
[3] => apple
)
*/ 8、字符串压缩 $string =
"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit. Nunc ut elit id mi ultricies
adipiscing. Nulla facilisi. Praesent pulvinar,
sapien vel feugiat vestibulum, nulla dui pretium orci,
non ultricies elit lacus quis ante. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Aliquam
pretium ullamcorper urna quis iaculis. Etiam ac massa
sed turpis tempor luctus. Curabitur sed nibh eu elit
mollis congue. Praesent ipsum diam, consectetur vitae
ornare a, aliquam a nunc. In id magna pellentesque
tellus posuere adipiscing. Sed non mi metus, at lacinia
augue. Sed magna nisi, ornare in mollis in, mollis
sed nunc. Etiam at justo in leo congue mollis.
Nullam in neque eget metus hendrerit scelerisque
eu non enim. Ut malesuada lacus eu nulla bibendum
id euismod urna sodales. ";
$compressed = gzcompress($string);
echo "Original size: ". strlen($string)."\n";
/* 输出原始大小
Original size: 800
*/
echo "Compressed size: ". strlen($compressed)."\n";
/* 输出压缩后的大小
Compressed size: 418
*/
// 解压缩
$original = gzuncompress($compressed); 几乎有50% 压缩比率。同时,你还可以使用 gzencode() 和 gzdecode() 函数来压缩,只不用其用了不同的压缩算法。 ThinkPHP 是一个免费开源的,快速、简单的面向对象的 轻量级PHP开发框架 ,创立于2006年初,遵循Apache2开源协议发布,是为了敏捷WEB应用开发和简化企业应用开发而诞生的。ThinkPHP从诞生以来一直秉承简洁实用的设计原则,在保持出色的性能和至简的代码的同时,也注重易用性。并且拥有众多的原创功能和特性,在社区团队的积极参与下,在易用性、扩展性和性能方面不断优化和改进,已经成长为国内最领先和最具影响力的WEB应用开发框架,众多的典型案例确保可以稳定用于商业以及门户级的开发。