Pronunciation Guide

This site uses two systems for name pronunciations: simplified, which is a rough guide, and IPA, which is more exact. IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) pronunciations can be identified by the /slashes/ surrounding them.

As of yet, most names do not have IPA pronunciations. The pronunciations listed at a name's entry can be clicked for more details. User-submitted names may or may not adhere to these standards.

Simplified Pronunciations

Dashes are used to separate syllables. Stressed syllables are written in CAPITALS.

Consonants
B as in bed
CH as in cheek (tsh)
D as in dam
DH as in then
F as in fake
G as in give
GH as in Scottish laghail
H as in hen
J as in jump (dzh)
K as in cat
KH as in Scottish loch
L as in lamp
M as in maze
N as in not
NG as in fling, sink
P as in pain
R as in right *
S as in side
SH as in shine
T as in top
TH as in thin
V as in very
W as in water
Y as in yeti
Z as in zebra
ZH as in azure, vision
Vowels (image)
A as in bat, can
AH as in pot, con **
AW as in bought, sawn **
AY as in bait, cane
E, EH as in bet, care
EE as in beet, keen
I as in bit, kin
IE as in bite, kind
O as in boat, cone
OI as in boy, coin
OO as in boot, soon
OW as in bout, gown
U as in but, sun
UI as in Dutch huis
UU as in French feu
UW as in put, took
UY as in French rue
ə as in about
Other symbols
: preceding vowel is long (drawn out)
‘ guttural fricative
’ glottal stop
H preceding consonant is aspirated
N preceding vowel is nasalized
T epenthetic t
Y preceding sound is palatalized
ə following consonant is syllabic

* R is used to represent several different r-like sounds. For further clarification the following may be used: guttural RH (as in French riche); trilled RR (as in Spanish rojo); or tapped Ṙ (as in Spanish caro).

** Many English speakers pronounce AH and AW the same

IPA Pronunciations

These pronunciations are surrounded by /slashes/. Periods are used to separate syllables. Stressed syllables are preceded by a ˈ symbol.

Consonants
b voiced bilabial stop
ɓ voiced bilabial implosive
c voiceless palatal stop
ç voiceless palatal fricative
ɕ voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative
d voiced alveolar stop
ɖ voiced retroflex plosive
ɗ voiced alveolar implosive
ð voiced dental fricative
f voiceless labiodental fricative
g voiced velar plosive
ɡ voiced velar plosive
ɢ voiced uvular plosive
ɠ voiced velar implosive
ɣ voiced velar fricative
h voiceless glottal fricative
ħ voiceless pharyngeal fricative
ɦ voiced glottal fricative
ɧ voiceless multiple-place fricative
j voiced palatal approximant
ʝ voiced palatal fricative
ɟ voiced palatal plosive
ʄ voiced palatal implosive
k voiceless velar stop
l alveolar lateral approximant
ɫ velarized alveolar lateral approximant
ɬ voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
ɭ retroflex lateral approximant
ɮ voiced alveolar lateral fricative
ʎ palatal lateral approximant
m bilabial nasal
ɱ labiodental nasal
n alveolar nasal
ɴ uvular nasal
ɲ palatal nasal
ɳ retroflex nasal
ŋ voiced velar nasal
p voiceless bilabial stop
ɸ voiceless bilabial fricative
q voiceless uvular stop
r alveolar trill
ʀ uvular trill
ɹ alveolar approximant
ɺ alveolar lateral flap
ɻ retroflex approximant
ɽ retroflex flap
ɾ alveolar tap
ʁ voiced uvular fricative
s voiceless alveolar sibilant
ʂ voiceless retroflex fricative
ʃ voiceless postalveolar fricative
t voiceless alveolar stop
ʈ voiceless retroflex plosive
ɥ labial-palatal approximant
ɰ velar approximant
v voiced labiodental fricative
ʋ labiodental approximant
w voiced labio-velar approximant
ʍ voiceless labiovelar approximant
x voiceless velar fricative
z voiced alveolar sibilant
ʐ voiced retroflex fricative
ʑ voiced alveolo-palatal fricative
ʒ voiced postalveolar fricative
ʔ glottal stop
ʕ voiced pharyngeal fricative
β voiced bilabial fricative
θ voiceless dental fricative
χ voiceless uvular fricative
Vowels
a open front unrounded vowel
æ raised open front unrounded vowel
ɐ near-open central vowel
ɑ open back unrounded vowel
ɒ open back rounded vowel
e close-mid front unrounded vowel
ə mid central vowel
ə mid central vowel
ɛ open-mid front unrounded vowel
ɘ close-mid central unrounded vowel
ɚ rhotacized mid central vowel
ɜ open-mid central unrounded vowel
ɝ rhotacized open-mid central unrounded vowel
ɞ open-mid central rounded vowel
ɤ close-mid back unrounded vowel
i close front unrounded vowel
ɪ near-close near-front unrounded vowel
ɨ close central unrounded vowel
o close-mid back rounded vowel
œ front open-mid rounded vowel
ɶ open front rounded vowel
ø front close-mid rounded vowel
ɔ open-mid back rounded vowel
ɵ close-mid central rounded vowel
u close back rounded vowel
ʉ close central rounded vowel
ɯ close back unrounded vowel
ʊ near-close near-back vowel
ʌ open-mid back unrounded vowel
y close front rounded vowel
ʏ near-close near-front rounded vowel
ᵻ near-close central unrounded vowel
Symbols and Modifiers
. syllable break
' primary stress
‿ linking (absence of a break)
ˌ secondary stress
| minor (foot) break
ː length mark
ˑ half-length mark
˥ extra high tone
˦ high tone
˧ mid tone
˨ low tone
˩ extra low tone
˪ yin departing tone
˫ yang departing tone
◌᷄᷄ macron-acute tone
◌᷅ grave-macron tone
◌᷆ macron-grave tone
◌᷇ acute-macron tone
1 Swedish tone 1
2 Swedish tone 2
ɣ velarized
h aspirated
ɦ breathy-voice-aspirated
j palatalized
ò low tone
ó high tone
ô falling tone
õ nasalized
ō mid tone
ŏ extra-short
o̊ voiceless (use if character has descender)
ő extra high tone
ǒ rising tone
ȍ extra low tone
o̚ not audibly released
o̜ less rounded
o̝ raised
o̞ lowered
o̟ advanced
o̠ retracted
ọ alveolar
o̥ voiceless
o̩ syllabic
o̪ dental
o̯ non-syllabic
o̰ creaky voiced
o̱ retracted
o̴ velarized or pharyngealized
o̺ apical
o̻ laminal
o̽ mid-centralized
o͍ labial spreading
w labialized
ˀ glottal stop
ʼ ejective
ʕ pharyngealized mark
β compressed rounding

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