21227번 - Minimizing Edges 다국어

문제

Bessie has a connected, undirected graph $G$ with $N$ vertices labeled 1ドル\ldots N$ and $M$ edges (2ドル\le N\le 10^5, N-1\le M\le \frac{N^2+N}{2}$). $G$ may contain self-loops (edges from nodes back to themselves), but no parallel edges (multiple edges connecting the same endpoints).

Let $f_G(a,b)$ be a boolean function that evaluates to true if there exists a path from vertex 1ドル$ to vertex $a$ that traverses exactly $b$ edges for each 1ドル\le a\le N$ and 0ドル\le b,ドル and false otherwise. If an edge is traversed multiple times, it is included that many times in the count.

Elsie wants to copy Bessie. In particular, she wants to construct an undirected graph $G'$ such that $f_{G'}(a,b)=f_G(a,b)$ for all $a$ and $b$.

Elsie wants to do the least possible amount of work, so she wants to construct the smallest possible graph. Therefore, your job is to compute the minimum possible number of edges in $G'$.

Each input contains $T$ (1ドル\le T\le 5\cdot 10^4$) test cases that should be solved independently. It is guaranteed that the sum of $N$ over all test cases does not exceed 10ドル^5,ドル and the sum of $M$ over all test cases does not exceed 2ドル\cdot 10^5$.

입력

The first line of the input contains $T,ドル the number of test cases.

The first line of each test case contains two integers $N$ and $M$.

The next $M$ lines of each test case each contain two integers $x$ and $y$ (1ドル\le x\le y\le N$), denoting that there exists an edge between $x$ and $y$ in $G$.

Consecutive test cases are separated by newlines for readability.

출력

For each test case, the minimum possible number of edges in $G'$ on a new line.

제한

힌트