Is your database on Kubernetes production-ready?

Last May, KubeCon gathered multiple tech enthusiasts, students, professionals, and companies. The event highlighted various topics and insights on how to collaborate on pushing the boundaries of cloud-native computing.

One of our Engineering Directors, Mykola Marzhan, shared his knowledge about databases on Kubernetes at KubeCon, during a session organised by the DoK.Community. We’ve picked out some of the key highlights from the talk below.

Watch the online session

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Why use Kubernetes to run databases?

Organisations want to build and run scalable database applications in public, private and hybrid environments. There are multiple pros and cons to running database applications in Virtual Machines (VMs), Database as a Service (DBaaS) and Kubernetes. Versus VMs and DBaaS, running a database on Kubernetes has benefits in portability, avoiding vendor lock-in, DevOps friendliness, scalability and cost-effectiveness

Today, most organisations want to run databases as a stateful workload. Kubernetes can cater for this requirement.

Charmhub.io has published multiple database operators (called charms) that run on Kubernetes, including Redis, Cassandra, PostgreSQL, etc. A charm is a database operator running in Kubernetes as an application package with all the operational knowledge required to install, maintain and upgrade it on a Kubernetes cluster. A charm can also integrate with other applications and charms.

Checklist for a production-ready database on Kubernetes

Organisations deploy multiple applications for their business operations, often including databases. Deploying database clusters faster and confidently is necessary for an organisation’s technological landscape. Having a production-ready and automated setup helps you improve the customer experience and mitigate operational risks.

Consider this checklist before running production database workloads on Kubernetes:

High Availability

The database should be highly available, as this is usually pretty important for the organisation’s continuity. High Availability (HA) is a system characteristic that aims to ensure an agreed level of operational performance, typically uptime, during a standard period. Therefore, the right design and implementation of HA is critical for organisations and should be a key focus area.

In order to consider a database production-ready, it must also have a strategy for achieving a defined Recovery Point Objective (RPO) and Recovery Time Objective (RTO). Such strategy should include automatic failover without data loss with switching traffic from old primary to new primary, automation of a one-member and full-cluster crash recovery, cross-region and/or cross-cluster replication, health and readiness checks, etc.

Security

A database can hold confidential, sensitive, or protected information, making it a prime target for cyberattacks. Therefore, the basic security requirement such as user authentication and authorisation is essential and should be enabled by default. In addition, semi-automatic updates, network security, encryption in transit and encryption at rest can be implemented.

Deployment Readiness

Deployment readiness is also vital for database production. There are multiple considerations here: schema setup, vertical and horizontal scalability, ability to deploy offline, database plugins, customisation and configuration of the database, various versions support, local storage support and many more. Learn more by watching Mykola’s talk.

Backup and Restore

This section was not mentioned in the talk but is very important for any production database cluster to implement backup and restore. Here is the list to consider:

• Backup to another region
• Backup compression
• Backup encryption with external encryption key storing
• Partial restoration
• Consistent backup of multi-shard clusters
• Point-in-Time Recovery – Possibility to make recovery to any transaction
  

Monitoring

A production database should be monitored appropriately. This can be implemented by having logs, query analytics, host and database metrics. In addition, appropriate alerting rules and notification channels must be in place.

Conclusion

Running database clusters in public, private and hybrid environments gives you multiple benefits. Kubernetes provides the additional advantages of portability, no vendor lock-in, DevOps friendliness, scalability and cost-effectiveness.

Canonical data solutions

Canonical charmed database operator

Canonical develops multiple open-source operators so developers can confidently and efficiently run databases on Kubernetes in a production environment. These products are featured on Charmhub.io. Canonical also offers two CNCF-certified Kubernetes distributions: Charmed Kubernetes and MicroK8s, which help simplify and accelerate the deployment of Kubernetes.

Data Fabric Solutions

Simplify your database operations with Canonical. Offload security and maintenance so you can focus on getting value from your data. Canonical offers enterprise support for data applications such as MongoDB, OpenSearch, Spark and Kafka.
Secure and scale your open-source data applications – Contact Canonical.

Ubuntu Pro + Support

Get your data solutions secured with Canonical and Ubuntu .The Ubuntu Pro license provides security patching for critical and high-severity Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) with ten years of security maintenance. In addition to this, we offer direct 24/7 access to a world-class, enterprise open source support team through our web portal, knowledge base or by phone.

Consulting Services

Our team of database experts is here to help you get started with your data solution, providing guidance for new projects design and deployment, along with migration strategy and planning for existing databases.

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