golang 中 sync.Mutex 和 sync.RWMutex

介绍

golang 中的 sync 包实现了两种锁:

• Mutex:互斥锁
• RWMutex:读写锁,RWMutex 基于 Mutex 实现

Mutex(互斥锁)

• Mutex 为互斥锁,Lock() 加锁,Unlock() 解锁
• 在一个 goroutine 获得 Mutex 后,其他 goroutine 只能等到这个 goroutine 释放该 Mutex
• 使用 Lock() 加锁后,不能再继续对其加锁,直到利用 Unlock() 解锁后才能再加锁
• 在 Lock() 之前使用 Unlock() 会导致 panic 异常
• 已经锁定的 Mutex 并不与特定的 goroutine 相关联,这样可以利用一个 goroutine 对其加锁,再利用其他 goroutine 对其解锁
• 在同一个 goroutine 中的 Mutex 解锁之前再次进行加锁,会导致死锁
• 适用于读写不确定,并且只有一个读或者写的场景

示例

加锁和解锁示例

package main
import (
 "time"
 "fmt"
 "sync"
)
func main() {
 var mutex sync.Mutex
 fmt.Println("Lock the lock")
 mutex.Lock()
 fmt.Println("The lock is locked")
 channels := make([]chan int, 4)
 for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
 channels[i] = make(chan int)
 go func(i int, c chan int) {
 fmt.Println("Not lock: ", i)
 mutex.Lock()
 fmt.Println("Locked: ", i)
 time.Sleep(time.Second)
 fmt.Println("Unlock the lock: ", i)
 mutex.Unlock()
 c <- i
 }(i, channels[i])
 }
 time.Sleep(time.Second)
 fmt.Println("Unlock the lock")
 mutex.Unlock()
 time.Sleep(time.Second)
 for _, c := range channels {
 <-c
 }
}

程序输出:

Lock the lock
The lock is locked
Not lock: 1
Not lock: 2
Not lock: 0
Not lock: 3
Unlock the lock
Locked: 1
Unlock the lock: 1
Locked: 2
Unlock the lock: 2
Locked: 3
Unlock the lock: 3
Locked: 0
Unlock the lock: 0

在解锁之前加锁会导致死锁

package main
import (
 "fmt"
 "sync"
)
func main(){
 var mutex sync.Mutex
 mutex.Lock()
 fmt.Println("Locked")
 mutex.Lock()
}

程序输出:

Locked
fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!

RWMutex(读写锁)

• RWMutex 是单写多读锁,该锁可以加多个读锁或者一个写锁
• 读锁占用的情况下会阻止写,不会阻止读,多个 goroutine 可以同时获取读锁
• 写锁会阻止其他 goroutine(无论读和写)进来,整个锁由该 goroutine 独占
• 适用于读多写少的场景

Lock() 和 Unlock()

• Lock() 加写锁,Unlock() 解写锁
• 如果在加写锁之前已经有其他的读锁和写锁,则 Lock() 会阻塞直到该锁可用,为确保该锁可用,已经阻塞的 Lock() 调用会从获得的锁中排除新的读取器,即写锁权限高于读锁,有写锁时优先进行写锁定
• 在 Lock() 之前使用 Unlock() 会导致 panic 异常

RLock() 和 RUnlock()

• RLock() 加读锁,RUnlock() 解读锁
• RLock() 加读锁时,如果存在写锁,则无法加读锁;当只有读锁或者没有锁时,可以加读锁,读锁可以加载多个
• RUnlock() 解读锁,RUnlock() 撤销单词 RLock() 调用,对于其他同时存在的读锁则没有效果
• 在没有读锁的情况下调用 RUnlock() 会导致 panic 错误
• RUnlock() 的个数不得多余 RLock(),否则会导致 panic 错误

示例

Lock() 和 Unlock()

package main
import (
 "sync"
 "fmt"
 "time"
)
func main() {
 var mutex *sync.RWMutex
 mutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
 fmt.Println("Lock the lock")
 mutex.Lock()
 fmt.Println("The lock is locked")
 channels := make([]chan int, 4)
 for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
 channels[i] = make(chan int)
 go func(i int, c chan int) {
 fmt.Println("Not lock: ", i)
 mutex.Lock()
 fmt.Println("Locked: ", i)
 fmt.Println("Unlock the lock: ", i)
 mutex.Unlock()
 c <- i
 }(i, channels[i])
 }
 time.Sleep(time.Second)
 fmt.Println("Unlock the lock")
 mutex.Unlock()
 time.Sleep(time.Second)
 for _, c := range channels {
 <-c
 }
}

程序输出:

Lock the lock
The lock is locked
Not lock: 0
Not lock: 1
Not lock: 2
Not lock: 3
Unlock the lock
Locked: 0
Unlock the lock: 0
Locked: 2
Unlock the lock: 2
Locked: 3
Unlock the lock: 3
Locked: 1
Unlock the lock: 1

Lock() 和 RLock()

package main
import (
 "sync"
 "fmt"
 "time"
)
func main() {
 var mutex *sync.RWMutex
 mutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
 fmt.Println("Lock the lock")
 mutex.Lock()
 fmt.Println("The lock is locked")
 channels := make([]chan int, 4)
 for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
 channels[i] = make(chan int)
 go func(i int, c chan int) {
 fmt.Println("Not read lock: ", i)
 mutex.RLock()
 fmt.Println("Read Locked: ", i)
 fmt.Println("Unlock the read lock: ", i)
 time.Sleep(time.Second)
 mutex.RUnlock()
 c <- i
 }(i, channels[i])
 }
 time.Sleep(time.Second)
 fmt.Println("Unlock the lock")
 mutex.Unlock()
 time.Sleep(time.Second)
 for _, c := range channels {
 <-c
 }
}

程序输出:

Lock the lock
The lock is locked
Not read lock: 2
Not read lock: 3
Not read lock: 1
Not read lock: 0
Unlock the lock
Read Locked: 2
Read Locked: 1
Unlock the read lock: 2
Unlock the read lock: 1
Read Locked: 0
Read Locked: 3
Unlock the read lock: 0
Unlock the read lock: 3

Unlock() 使用之前不存在 Lock()

package main
import (
 "sync"
)
func main(){
 var rwmutex *sync.RWMutex
 rwmutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
 rwmutex.Unlock()
}

程序输出:

panic: sync: Unlock of unlocked RWMutex

RWMutex 使用不当导致的死锁

示例1:

package main
import (
 "sync"
)
func main(){
 var rwmutex *sync.RWMutex
 rwmutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
 rwmutex.Lock()
 rwmutex.Lock()
}

程序输出:

fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!

示例2:

package main
import (
 "sync"
)
func main(){
 var rwmutex *sync.RWMutex
 rwmutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
 rwmutex.Lock()
 rwmutex.RLock()
}

程序输出:

fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!

RUnlock() 之前不存在 RLock()

package main
import (
 "sync"
)
func main(){
 var rwmutex *sync.RWMutex
 rwmutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
 rwmutex.RUnlock()
}

程序输出:

panic: sync: RUnlock of unlocked RWMutex

RUnlock() 个数多于 RLock()

package main
import (
 "sync"
)
func main(){
 var rwmutex *sync.RWMutex
 rwmutex = new(sync.RWMutex)
 rwmutex.RLock()
 rwmutex.RLock()
 rwmutex.RUnlock()
 rwmutex.RUnlock()
 rwmutex.RUnlock()
}

程序输出:

panic: sync: RUnlock of unlocked RWMutex

本文来自:简书

感谢作者:WangZZ

查看原文:golang 中 sync.Mutex 和 sync.RWMutex

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