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I am trying to load a [German CSV file][1] into R on Fedora Linux 42, but the region names containing special characters (like u-umlaut, o-umlaut, eszett) are not rendered correctly.

Here's a simplified version of what I'm doing:

```
library(readr)

df <- read_delim(
 "APExpose_DE__2003-2022__nogeo.csv",
 delim = ";",
 locale = locale(encoding = "UTF-8")
)
```

The output contains garbled characters like:

```
> head(df$kreis, 20)
 [1] "Freiburg im Breisgau" "Dillingen an der Donau" "NÃ¼rnberg" "Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz"
 [5] "Rosenheim" "Wilhelmshaven" "Wittmund" "Recklinghausen" 
 [9] "Steinfurt" "Kusel" "Neuwied" "Neunkirchen" 
[13] "Ostholstein" "Amberg" "FÃ¼rth" "GÃ¼nzburg" 
[17] "Regensburg" "RhÃ¶n-Grabfeld" "Elbe-Elster" "Marburg-Biedenkopf" 
```

The file is known to be encoded in UTF-8, and Sys.getlocale() on my machine returns:

```
> Sys.getlocale()
[1] "LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8;LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8;LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8;LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8;LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8;LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8;LC_NAME=C;LC_ADDRESS=C;LC_TELEPHONE=C;LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8;LC_IDENTIFICATION=C"
```

What's the correct way to read this CSV file with proper rendering of German characters like u-umlaut, o-umlaut, etc, on Linux (Fedora 42), using `readr` or `base::read.csv()`?


 [1]: https://zenodo.org/records/14873210

**Edit**:

The command below:

```
hexdump -C APExpose_DE__2003-2022__nogeo.csv | less
```

Gives the following output:

```
00000000 6b 72 65 69 73 3b 79 65 61 72 3b 4e 4f 32 5f 61 |kreis;year;NO2_a|
00000010 6e 6e 75 61 6c 4d 65 61 6e 3b 4e 4f 32 5f 68 72 |nnualMean;NO2_hr|
00000020 4f 76 65 72 32 30 30 3b 4e 4f 5f 61 6e 6e 75 61 |Over200;NO_annua|
00000030 6c 4d 65 61 6e 3b 4f 33 5f 61 6e 6e 75 61 6c 4d |lMean;O3_annualM|
00000040 65 61 6e 3b 4f 33 5f 64 61 79 73 4f 76 65 72 31 |ean;O3_daysOver1|
00000050 32 30 3b 4f 33 5f 64 61 69 6c 79 4d 61 78 41 6e |20;O3_dailyMaxAn|
00000060 6e 75 61 6c 4d 65 61 6e 3b 4f 33 5f 64 61 69 6c |nualMean;O3_dail|
00000070 79 48 6f 75 72 6c 79 4d 61 78 3b 4f 33 5f 64 61 |yHourlyMax;O3_da|
00000080 69 6c 79 38 48 72 4d 61 78 3b 50 4d 31 30 5f 61 |ily8HrMax;PM10_a|
00000090 6e 6e 75 61 6c 4d 65 61 6e 3b 50 4d 31 30 5f 64 |nnualMean;PM10_d|
000000a0 61 79 73 4f 76 65 72 35 30 3b 50 4d 32 2e 35 5f |aysOver50;PM2.5_|
000000b0 61 6e 6e 75 61 6c 4d 65 61 6e 3b 6b 72 65 69 73 |annualMean;kreis|
000000c0 5f 63 6f 64 65 3b 73 63 65 6e 61 72 69 6f 0a 46 |_code;scenario.F|
000000d0 72 65 69 62 75 72 67 20 69 6d 20 42 72 65 69 73 |reiburg im Breis|
000000e0 67 61 75 3b 32 30 31 39 3b 31 36 2e 30 31 37 30 |gau;2019;16.0170|
000000f0 32 3b 30 3b 38 2e 30 32 30 35 37 31 3b 35 35 2e |2;0;8.020571;55.|
00000100 34 38 35 39 31 3b 36 3b 38 34 2e 31 33 30 36 38 |48591;6;84.13068|
00000110 3b 32 31 38 2e 35 3b 32 30 36 2e 39 32 35 3b 31 |;218.5;206.925;1|
00000120 32 2e 34 37 33 32 33 3b 32 3b 38 2e 33 33 32 37 |2.47323;2;8.3327|
00000130 38 31 3b 31 32 3b 72 65 6d 6f 74 65 0a 44 69 6c |81;12;remote.Dil|
00000140 6c 69 6e 67 65 6e 20 61 6e 20 64 65 72 20 44 6f |lingen an der Do|
00000150 6e 61 75 3b 32 30 31 39 3b 31 33 2e 34 38 39 39 |nau;2019;13.4899|
00000160 32 31 37 31 30 37 35 35 35 3b 30 2e 30 30 31 38 |217107555;0.0018|
00000170 31 37 35 38 34 39 31 37 36 35 36 34 32 3b 39 2e |1758491765642;9.|
00000180 34 34 31 32 33 37 33 35 35 30 32 39 33 31 3b 35 |44123735502931;5|
00000190 37 2e 38 33 30 36 33 36 39 37 36 30 34 33 39 3b |7.8306369760439;|
000001a0 33 2e 39 34 39 35 36 30 33 30 35 36 34 31 34 32 |3.94956030564142|
000001b0 3b 37 39 2e 37 39 32 30 31 38 31 37 31 39 39 38 |;79.792018171998|
000001c0 34 3b 31 37 35 2e 37 33 35 33 32 30 38 34 38 33 |4;175.7353208483|
000001d0 31 37 3b 31 36 30 2e 33 31 37 30 38 31 30 32 32 |17;160.317081022|
000001e0 30 34 36 3b 31 33 2e 38 34 38 34 38 34 33 32 32 |046;13.848484322|
000001f0 39 34 35 35 3b 31 2e 37 36 33 32 37 35 34 32 32 |9455;1.763275422|
00000200 38 36 38 31 3b 31 30 2e 34 39 35 31 30 32 33 35 |8681;10.49510235|
00000210 37 30 33 30 36 3b 36 38 3b 72 65 6d 6f 74 65 0a |70306;68;remote.|
00000220 4e c3 83 c2 bc 72 6e 62 65 72 67 3b 32 30 31 39 |N....rnberg;2019|
00000230 3b 32 35 2e 33 38 30 30 33 3b 30 3b 31 32 2e 37 |;25.38003;0;12.7|
00000240 35 36 34 36 3b 34 35 2e 35 38 38 36 31 3b 30 3b |5646;45.58861;0;|
00000250 37 33 2e 36 39 35 34 36 3b 31 36 30 2e 33 34 34 |73.69546;160.344|
00000260 31 3b 31 35 35 2e 36 37 31 38 3b 31 37 2e 36 31 |1;155.6718;17.61|
00000270 30 30 35 31 35 35 32 30 37 35 38 3b 31 2e 37 34 |00515520758;1.74|
00000280 30 31 37 37 33 35 36 39 39 30 36 33 3b 31 31 2e |017735699063;11.|
00000290 35 31 37 35 35 3b 31 30 37 3b 72 65 6d 6f 74 65 |51755;107;remote|
000002a0 0a 4e 65 75 6d 61 72 6b 74 20 69 6e 20 64 65 72 |.Neumarkt in der|
000002b0 20 4f 62 65 72 70 66 61 6c 7a 3b 32 30 31 39 3b | Oberpfalz;2019;|
000002c0 31 33 2e 34 30 30 37 35 32 32 38 39 34 34 36 37 |13.4007522894467|
000002d0 3b 30 2e 30 30 31 36 39 38 33 36 32 39 35 34 36 |;0.0016983629546|
000002e0 31 36 32 35 3b 37 2e 35 39 38 35 38 37 32 31 35 |1625;7.598587215|
000002f0 34 37 32 38 31 3b 35 37 2e 31 39 38 33 31 31 39 |47281;57.1983119|

```

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