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k-Colorable Graph


A graph G having chromatic number chi(G)<=k is called a k-colorable graph (Harary 1994, p. 127). In contrast, a graph having chi(G)=k is said to be a k-chromatic graph. Note that k-colorable graphs are related but distinct from k-colored graphs.

2-Colorable

The 1, 2, 3, and 7, and 13 distinct simple 2-colorable graphs on n=1, ..., 5 nodes are illustrated above.

3-Colorable

The 1, 2, 4, and 10, and 29 distinct simple 3-colorable graphs on n=1, ..., 5 nodes are illustrated above.

4-Colorable

The 1, 2, 4, and 11, and 33 distinct simple 4-colorable graphs on n=1, ..., 5 nodes are illustrated above.

The following table gives the numbers of k-colorable simple graphs on 1, 2, ... nodes for small k.

gamma OEIS simple graphs on n=1, 2, ... nodes having chi(G)<=gamma
2 A033995 1, 2, 3, 7, 13, 35, 88, 303, 1119, ...
3 A076315 1, 2, 4, 10, 29, 119, 667, 6024, 88500, ...
4 A076316 1, 2, 4, 11, 33, 150, 985, 11390, 243791, ...
5 A076317 1, 2, 4, 11, 34, 155, 1037, 12257, 272513, ...
6 A076318 1, 2, 4, 11, 34, 156, 1043, 12338, 274541, ...
7 A076319 1, 2, 4, 11, 34, 156, 1044, 12345, 274659, ...
8 A076320 1, 2, 4, 11, 34, 156, 1044, 12346, 274667, ...
9 A076321 1, 2, 4, 11, 34, 156, 1044, 12346, 274668, ...
2-ColorableConnected

The 1, 1, 1, 3, and 5 distinct simple connected 2-colorable graphs on n=1, ..., 5 nodes are illustrated above.

3-ColorableConnected

The 1, 1, 2, and 5, and 17 distinct simple connected 3-colorable graphs on n=1, ..., 5 nodes are illustrated above.

4-ColorableConnected

The 1, 1, 2, and 6, and 20 distinct simple connected 4-colorable graphs on n=1, ..., 5 nodes are illustrated above.

The following table gives the numbers of k-colorable simple connected graphs on 1, 2, ... nodes for small k.

gamma OEIS simple connected graphs on n=1, 2, ... nodes having chi(G)<=gamma
2 A005142 1, 1, 1, 3, 5, 17, 44, 182, 730, ...
3 A076322 1, 1, 2, 5, 17, 81, 519, 5218, 81677, ...
4 A076323 1, 1, 2, 6, 20, 107, 801, 10227, 231228, ...
5 A076324 1, 1, 2, 6, 21, 111, 847, 11036, 259022, ...
6 A076325 1, 1, 2, 6, 21, 112, 852, 11110, 260962, ...
7 A076326 1, 1, 2, 6, 21, 112, 853, 11116, 261072, ...
8 A076327 1, 1, 2, 6, 21, 112, 853, 11117, 261079, ...
9 A076328 1, 1, 2, 6, 21, 112, 853, 11117, 261080, ...
2-ColorableLabeled

The 2 and 7 distinct simple labeled 2-colorable graphs on n=2 and 3 nodes are illustrated above.

3-ColorableLabeled

The 2 and 8 distinct simple labeled 3-colorable graphs on n=2 and 3 nodes are illustrated above.

The following table gives the numbers of labeled k-colorable graphs on 1, 2, ... nodes for small k. The sequence {beta_n}_(n=0)={1,1,2,7,41,376,5177,...} (OEIS A047864) of 2-colorable labeled graphs on n nodes has a rather remarkable generating function, as discussed by Wilf (1994, p. 89). Define

giving the sequence 1, 2, 6, 26, 162, ... (OEIS A047863). Then beta_n is given by

The corresponding problem of enumerating n-colorable graphs for n>2 appears to be very hard.

gamma OEIS labeled graphs on n=1, 2, ... nodes having chi(G)<=gamma
1 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ...
2 A047864 1, 2, 7, 41, 376, 5177, ...
3 A084279 1, 2, 8, 63, 958, 27554, ...
4 A084280 1, 2, 8, 64, 1023, 32596, ...
5 A084281 1, 2, 8, 64, 1024, 32767, ...
6 A084282 1, 2, 8, 64, 1024, 32768, ...
2-ColorableLabeledConnected

The 1, 3, and 19 distinct simple connected labeled 2-colorable graphs on n=2, 3, and 4 nodes are illustrated above.

3-ColorableLabeledConnected

The 1, 4, and 37 distinct simple connected labeled 3-colorable graphs on n=2, 3, and 4 nodes are illustrated above.

The following table gives the numbers of connected labeled k-colorable graphs on 1, 2, ... nodes for small k.

gamma OEIS connected labeled graphs on n=1, 2, ... nodes having chi(G)<=gamma
1 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...
2 A001832 1, 1, 3, 19, 195, 3031, 67263, ...
3 A084283 1, 1, 4, 37, 667, 21886, ...
4 A084284 1, 1, 4, 38, 727, 26538, ...
5 A084285 1, 1, 4, 38, 728, 26703, ...
6 A084286 1, 1, 4, 38, 728, 26704, ...

See also

Bicolorable Graph, Chromatic Number, Chromatic Polynomial, k-Coloring, k-Chromatic Graph, k-Colored Graph, Three-Colorable Graph

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References

Finch, S. R. "Bipartite, k-Colorable and k-Colored Graphs." June 5, 2003. http://algo.inria.fr/bsolve/.Harary, F. Graph Theory. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1994.Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A001832/M3063, A005142/M2501, A033995, A047864, A076315, A076316, A076317, A076318, A076319, A076320, A076321, A076322, A076323, A076324, A076325, A076326, A076327, A076328, A084279, A084280, A084281, A084282, A084283, A084284, A084285, and A084286 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."Thomassen, C. "The Number of k-Colorings of a Graph on a Fixed Surface." Disc. Math. 306, 3145-3153, 2006.Wilf, H. S. Generatingfunctionology, 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press, p. 89, 1993.

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k-Colorable Graph

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "k-Colorable Graph." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/k-ColorableGraph.html

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